Overview
Commiphora habessinica (O.Berg) Engl. var. crenulata A.Terracc. is a small tree or shrub species found in Africa. It belongs to the family Burseraceae and its extracts are highly valued for their medicinal properties and aromatic qualities.
Common Names
The plant has many common names depending on the region, including “hadag”, “kudu”, “hasha”, and “bakawynn”. In Ethiopia, it is known as “Ewey” or “Gloriosa”. These names are reflective of the plant's significance in traditional medicine and cultural practices.
Appearance
The plant can grow to a height of 3-4 meters and has a thick trunk with a rough bark texture. The leaves of Commiphora habessinica (O.Berg) Engl. var. crenulata A.Terracc. are leathery and oval-shaped with a glossy surface. Its flowers are small with a yellow-green hue and grow in clusters on the plant's axils. Once the plant blooms, it produces small fruits that are green in color.
Uses
Commiphora habessinica (O.Berg) Engl. var. crenulata A.Terracc. has been utilized in traditional medicine to treat various ailments, including respiratory infections, digestive disorders, and skin conditions. The plant's resinous extract is used as incense in religious ceremonies, perfumes to create unique fragrances, and in the production of cosmetics and soaps. Additionally, Commiphora habessinica (O.Berg) Engl. var. crenulata A.Terracc. has been used in soil restoration projects, and its leaves and twigs are utilized for animal feed.
Light Requirements
The plant Commiphora habessinica var. crenulata requires full sunlight exposure to grow. It needs at least six hours of direct sunlight a day for optimum growth and thriving. It cannot survive in shaded or indoor conditions, and it needs enough light to maintain photosynthesis, which is essential for the plant's survival.
Temperature Requirements
This variety of Commiphora habessinica is adapted to hot climates, so it prefers high temperatures for growth. The plant grows best in temperatures ranging from 20-35°C, with a minimum temperature limit of around 16°C. The plant is resistant to drought and can tolerate high heat, but it cannot withstand prolonged cold, frost, or freezing temperatures.
Soil Requirements
The plant prefers a well-draining soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH range of 6.0-7.5. It requires a nutrient-rich and moisture-retaining soil, which is rich in organic matter. The plant is adapted to grow in rocky and sandy soils, but it can also grow in clay soil as long as it is not waterlogged. The plant requires a well-aerated soil, which means the soil should not be compacted.
Cultivation of Commiphora habessinica var. crenulata
Commiphora habessinica var. crenulata is a hardy plant that is relatively easy to cultivate. It thrives in a range of soil conditions and temperature ranges, making it an ideal plant for gardeners in different regions. The following are some cultivation tips that can help you grow this plant successfully.
Planting and Watering Needs
Commiphora habessinica var. crenulata is drought-resistant and can withstand long periods of dry weather. However, it still requires regular watering to support its growth. This plant prefers well-draining soil and grows best in areas that receive a moderate amount of rainfall. When planting this species, make sure to add some sand or perlite to the soil to improve drainage. Water the plant deeply but infrequently, allowing the soil to dry out completely between watering sessions.
Fertilization
Commiphora habessinica var. crenulata is a slow-growing plant that does not require frequent fertilization. If you notice that your plant is not thriving, you can apply a balanced fertilizer during the growing season to boost its growth. However, avoid over-fertilizing the plant, as this can damage the roots and harm the overall health of the plant.
Pruning
Pruning Commiphora habessinica var. crenulata is not necessary but can help maintain its shape and size. You can trim back any overgrown branches or remove any damaged or diseased stems to promote new growth. Prune the plant in early spring before the growing season to avoid cutting off any new growth.
Propagation of Commiphora habessinica var. crenulata
Commiphora habessinica var. crenulata is a hardy plant that is easy to propagate. There are several methods of propagation.
Seed Propagation
Seed propagation is the most common method of propagating Commiphora habessinica var. crenulata. Collect seeds from mature trees in the fall. Soak the seeds in water for 24 hours to soften the seed coat. Sow the seeds in a well-draining potting mix and keep moist. Germination should occur within two to four weeks.
Cuttings Propagation
Commiphora habessinica var. crenulata can also be propagated from stem cuttings. Take cuttings of semi-hardwood in the spring or summer. Remove the leaves from the lower portion of the stem and dip the cut end into rooting hormone. Place the cutting in a potting mix and keep moist. Roots should form within four to six weeks.
Air Layering Propagation
Another method of propagation is air layering. Make a cut in the bark of a mature tree and wrap wet sphagnum moss around the wound. Cover the moss with plastic wrap and secure with tape. Roots should form within several months. Once roots have formed, cut the branch below the rooted area and plant in a potting mix.
Disease Management
Commiphora habessinica var. crenulata is susceptible to several diseases. The most common diseases that may affect the plant include:
- Anthracnose: this fungal disease typically causes brown or black spots on leaves and stems. To manage anthracnose, infected plant parts should be removed, and the plant should be sprayed with fungicide.
- Leaf spot: this bacterial disease causes black, brown, or gray spots on the leaves. The disease can be prevented by watering the plant at soil level rather than from above, and by avoiding overcrowding.
- Root rot: this fungal disease typically causes the roots to become soft and mushy. To prevent root rot, the plant should be grown in well-draining soil and watering should be done carefully.
Pest Management
Commiphora habessinica var. crenulata may also be vulnerable to pests. Some of the pests that may cause problems for the plant include:
- Spider mites: these tiny pests can cause yellowing or speckling on the leaves. To manage spider mites, the plant should be sprayed with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
- Scale insects: these pests typically appear as small, brown or black bumps on the leaves or stems. To manage scale insects, the plant should be sprayed with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
- Mealybugs: these pests typically appear as white, cottony masses on the plant. To manage mealybugs, the plant should be sprayed with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Regular inspection of the plant and proper cultural practices, such as providing adequate light, water, and nutrients, can help prevent diseases and pests from affecting the plant. Additionally, following proper sanitation practices, such as cleaning tools and equipment between use, can help prevent the spread of disease.
