Commiphora engleri Guillaumin: Origin and Common Names
Commiphora engleri Guillaumin, commonly known as African myrrh or Sweet resin tree, is a tree species in the Burseraceae family. The plant is native to East Africa, particularly Tanzania and Kenya, and grows up to 6 meters high. Its resin has medicinal and ritual significance in many East African communities, and its bark extract is used in traditional medicine.
General Appearance
The tree has a unique appearance, with a gnarled and hanging canopy composed of twisted branches that seem to be sprawling over each other. The stem is also visually interesting, with a somewhat crooked, twisted, or knobby appearance, and a pale gray or yellowish bark with lighter or darker stripes. The plant's leaves are simple and alternate, and the flowers, which are small and yellowish-green, appear from May to July. Its fruit is a small, ovoid drupe that ripens between October and November. The leaves, bark, and resin of Commiphora engleri Guillaumin all have aromatic and balsamic odors with a sweetish flavor.
Uses and Significance
Commiphora engleri Guillaumin is of vital significance to many indigenous communities around East Africa. The local people extract the plant's resin by making deep incisions in its bark, which stimulates an abundant flow of resin droplets. The resin is then processed, dried, and used for various purposes including burning as incense, making perfumes, and medicinal remedies. It has also been used in various religious and traditional rituals.
The bark and roots of Commiphora engleri Guillaumin are also used for medicinal purposes by many communities around East Africa. Traditionally, crushed bark is applied to wounds, sores, and other skin ailments to hasten healing, while boiled roots are used to treat fever, cough, and diarrhea.
In conclusion, Commiphora engleri Guillaumin is a valuable plant to many East African communities, and its resin, bark, and roots all have important medicinal and cultural significance.
Light Requirements
The Commiphora engleri Guillaumin plant prefers a bright environment, and it thrives in direct sunlight. The plant is native to desert areas, and it requires ample light for optimal growth. In low light conditions, the plant may not grow to its optimal size, and its foliage may become discolored.
Temperature Requirements
The Commiphora engleri Guillaumin plant is adapted to desert climates and can withstand high temperatures. The plant grows best in temperatures ranging from 70 degrees Fahrenheit to 90 degrees Fahrenheit. In winter, the plant can tolerate temperatures as low as 50 degrees Fahrenheit but may require protection from frost.
Soil Requirements
The plant prefers well-drained soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH level. Sandy or loamy soil is the best type for this species, and it also benefits from the addition of organic matter to the soil. The plant is adapted to areas with low soil moisture levels and can tolerate drought conditions, but it should not be exposed to excessive moisture, as this can lead to root rot.
Cultivation method
Commiphora engleri Guillaumin, commonly known as African myrrh, is a slow-growing succulent shrub that requires warm temperatures and shady conditions to thrive. If you're planning to add this plant to your collection, you'll need to provide it with adequate light, proper drainage, and a warm, dry environment.
One of the best ways to cultivate Commiphora engleri is to grow it in a pot with a well-draining soil mix. The soil should be sandy and slightly acidic, with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. This plant prefers temperatures between 15°C to 30°C and is usually pest-free. However, it is sensitive to frost.
Watering needs
Commiphora engleri has moderate watering needs and is drought-tolerant. It is best to water only when the soil has dried out and to avoid overwatering. When watering, ensure that the soil is moist and not waterlogged. Water from beneath or around the plant to prevent water from sitting on the leaves.
Fertilization
African myrrh prefers a well-draining soil mix, and adding fertilizer to the soil can help it get the nutrients it needs to thrive. Use a balanced, slow-release fertilizer, diluted to half, and apply it during the growing season in spring and summer. Avoid fertilizing during the winter months when growth has slowed down.
Pruning
Pruning is essential to maintain the shape and size of your African myrrh plant. You can prune it in late winter or early spring before the growing season. Remove any dead or damaged branches, and trim the remaining branches to control growth or promote branching. Pruning can also help the plant produce more resin.
Propagation of Commiphora engleri Guillaumin
Commiphora engleri Guillaumin is typically propagated through seeds, cuttings, or grafting. Here are the propagation methods in more detail:
Seed Propagation
Seeds are the most common way to propagate Commiphora engleri. The seeds can be obtained by gathering the fruits and removing the arils. After this, the seeds must be dried in the shade and stored in a cool and dry place until ready for planting. When planting, the seeds must be shallowly sown into well-draining soil under bright light or partial shade. Germination can take anywhere from a few weeks to several months.
Cutting Propagation
Commiphora engleri can also be propagated through cuttings. The best time to take cuttings is during the growing season, usually under high-humidity conditions. Cuttings should be taken from green and disease-free stems and have at least two nodes. They can then be placed in rooting hormone and planted in sandy soil under consistent moisture and light. Rooting typically takes between four to six weeks.
Grafting Propagation
Grafting is a more complicated propagation method that is typically reserved for advanced growers. The process involves selecting a suitable rootstock and then grafting a desired plant variety onto it. Grafting can be done at any time of the year, but it is most successful during the growing season. Afterward, consistent moisture and protection from strong light must be provided until the graft has fully established itself.
Disease and Pest Management for Commiphora engleri Guillaumin
Commiphora engleri Guillaumin is a drought-tolerant plant and is likely to experience few, if any, disease and pest problems when grown in its preferred environment. However, various environmental factors can weaken the plant and increase the risk of disease and pest infestations. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect the plant, along with ways to manage them:
Common Diseases
Canker: Canker is caused by a fungal infection that affects the bark and sapwood of the plant. The infected areas will turn brown or black, and the bark may crack. The best way to manage canker is to remove the infected branches or stems and dispose of them immediately. The plant should also be kept well-watered and fertilized to help it recover.
Rust: Rust is a fungal disease that affects the leaves of the plant, causing yellowish-red pustules to form on the undersides of the leaves. The best way to manage rust is to remove infected leaves and dispose of them immediately. The plant should also be watered at the base to avoid getting the foliage wet.
Root Rot: Root rot is caused by overwatering and poor drainage, which creates the perfect environment for fungal infections. Signs of root rot include yellowing leaves and stunted growth. The best way to manage root rot is to improve the drainage of the soil by adding sand or perlite. The plants should also be watered less frequently, and the infected roots should be removed.
Common Pests
Spider Mites: Spider mites are tiny pests that suck the sap from the leaves of the plant, leaving behind yellow or pale spots. To manage spider mites, hose down the plant with water to dislodge the pests. You can also use insecticidal soap or neem oil to kill them.
Scale Insects: Scale insects look like small, brown bumps on the stems and leaves of the plant. They secrete a sticky substance that attracts ants and encourages the growth of mold. The best way to manage scale insects is to scrape them off with a toothbrush or cotton swab dipped in alcohol. You can also use insecticidal soap or neem oil to kill them.
Mealybugs: Mealybugs are white, cottony pests that cluster together on the leaves and stems of the plant. They suck sap from the plant, causing it to become weak and stunted. To manage mealybugs, use a cotton swab dipped in alcohol to wipe off the pests. You can also use insecticidal soap or neem oil to kill them.
In conclusion, proper care and maintenance can prevent most disease and pest problems for Commiphora engleri Guillaumin. However, it is essential to monitor the plant regularly and take quick action at the first sign of any problem. By doing so, you can help your plant thrive and enjoy its beauty for years to come.
