Origin
Commicarpus africanus (Lour.) Dandy, also known as the African flameback or wandering creeper, is indigenous to Africa and commonly found in countries such as Kenya, Tanzania, and South Africa.
Common Names
The plant has various common names, which include African flame, firecracker, white-eye, devil's flower, and magic fire.
Uses
Commicarpus africanus has both medicinal and ornamental uses. In traditional African medicine, the leaves and root extract are used to treat stomach ailments and as a diuretic. The plant is also used to treat snakebites and scorpion stings.
In gardens, it serves as a beautiful ornamental plant. Its striking red flowers and the ability to attract butterflies and hummingbirds make it a popular choice. Additionally, the plant can be used for ground cover as it spreads rapidly and has low upkeep requirements.
General Appearance
Commicarpus africanus is a sprawling perennial herb with succulent stems, growing up to 50cm tall. The leaves are ovate to oblong in shape, 2-6cm long, and are arranged alternately along the stem. The flowers are bright red and small, measuring around 1cm in length. The fruit is a small, thin capsule containing many tiny seeds. The plant prefers dry habitats with sandy, well-draining soils and can withstand long periods of drought.
Light Requirements
The Commicarpus africanus (Lour.) Dandy plant grows best in full to partial sunlight. In order for the plant to produce its blooms, it needs ample sunlight. However, the plant can also tolerate shade for a few hours a day.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for the Commicarpus africanus (Lour.) Dandy plant is between 21-28°C (70-82°F). This plant can tolerate a wide temperature range and can grow in both subtropical and tropical regions. However, extreme temperatures below 10°C (50°F) or above 40°C (104°F) can cause damage to the plant.
Watering Requirements
The Commicarpus africanus (Lour.) Dandy plant prefers soil that is moist but well-drained. Overwatering can lead to root rot, so be cautious not to water it too frequently. During its active growth period, it requires regular watering, but during the dormant period, the watering should be significantly reduced.
Soil Requirements
The Commicarpus africanus (Lour.) Dandy plant thrives in well-draining soil with a pH between 6.0 - 7.5. It can grow in various types of soil such as sandy, loamy or clay, as long as it is well-draining. Adding compost or organic matter to the soil can improve soil fertility, which will help the plant grow and produce healthy blooms.
Cultivation Methods
Commicarpus africanus (Lour.) Dandy, commonly known as Lion's Ear or African Buttonplant, is a perennial flowering plant widely grown for its showy and vibrant blooms. It usually grows up to 1 meter tall and prefers full sunlight to partial shade and well-draining soils. The plant can be propagated either by seeds or stem cuttings. If propagating from seeds, sow the seeds in well-draining soil in the spring.
Watering Needs
Commicarpus africanus (Lour.) Dandy is drought-tolerant and can survive in hot, dry conditions. However, regular watering is necessary for optimal growth and flowering. Water the plant deeply once a week, especially during extended dry spells. Ensure the soil is well-draining to prevent waterlogging, which can lead to root rot.
Fertilization
Commicarpus africanus (Lour.) Dandy does not require much fertilizer to thrive. A balanced fertilizer, such as a 10-10-10 fertilizer, can be applied during the growing season to promote healthy growth and blooming. Apply the fertilizer at half strength every two to four weeks throughout the growing season.
Pruning
Pruning Commicarpus africanus (Lour.) Dandy is not necessary, but it can help to promote branching and encourage more blooms. Prune the plant back by one-third to one-half its height after the first flowering cycle. Deadheading spent flowers can also help to extend the blooming period.
Propagation of Commicarpus africanus
Commicarpus africanus (Lour.) Dandy is commonly propagated through seed germination and stem cuttings.
Seed Germination
The seeds of Commicarpus africanus can be sown directly in the ground after the last frost of spring. The seeds should be sown at a depth of 1/4-inch and spaced 6-12 inches apart. The soil should be kept moderately moist until germination, which typically takes 7-14 days. Once the seedlings have emerged, they should be thinned to a spacing of 12-18 inches apart.
Stem Cuttings
Commicarpus africanus can also be propagated through stem cuttings during the growing season. Cuttings should be taken from mature plants and should be 4-6 inches in length. The cuttings should be taken from the upper part of the stem and should have at least two sets of leaves. Remove the lower set of leaves and dip the cut end in a rooting hormone. Place the cutting in a well-draining potting mix and keep the soil moist until rooting occurs. The cuttings should be kept in a warm, humid environment out of direct sunlight. Once rooting occurs, the new plants can be transplanted into the ground or to larger pots.
Disease and Pest Management for Commicarpus Africanus (Lour.) Dandy
Commicarpus africanus is a much-admired plant owing to its hardiness, attractive flower displays, and adaptability to different soil types. However, like any other plant, it is susceptible to various diseases and pests, which can cause severe damage if left unchecked. Below are some of the common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and potential ways to manage them:
Diseases
Leaf Spot
Leaf Spot is a fungal disease that results in the formation of brown, circular lesions on the leaves. The lesions may form white or gray centers, and in severe cases, the leaves may drop off, leading to defoliation, reduced plant growth, and sometimes death of the plant. To manage the disease, remove affected leaves and dispose of them properly to prevent the spread of spores. Additionally, keep the plant dry by watering at the soil level to prevent moisture on the leaves, which could fuel the disease. Fungicides containing copper or chlorothalonil may also be used.
Root Rot
Root Rot is a fungal disease that thrives on wet soils, and it is caused by different species of fungi such as Fusarium and Phytophthora. The disease causes the roots of the plant to become soft, turn brown, and eventually rot, leading to poor plant growth or death. To prevent root rot, ensure proper drainage of the soil and avoid overwatering. When infected, uproot the plant and remove all the soil around the roots. Discard the plant and soil, and do not replant in the same area.
Pests
Aphids
Aphids are small, pear-shaped insects that are usually found on the undersides of plant leaves. They feed on the sap of the plants, leading to distortion of leaves, stunted plant growth, and the formation of a sticky substance called honeydew. To manage aphids, spray the plant with a jet of water to dislodge them, or use insecticidal soap, neem oil, or horticultural oil. Encouraging beneficial insects such as ladybugs, lacewings, or parasitic wasps can also help control aphid populations naturally.
Caterpillars
Caterpillars are the larval stage of butterflies and moths and feed on the leaves of plants. They can cause severe damage to the plant by eating large areas of leaves, leading to defoliation and stunted growth. Caterpillars can be controlled using Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) or spinosad, which are organic and non-toxic pesticides. Handpicking and disposing of the pests can be an effective alternative, especially if their population is low.
By implementing the above disease and pest management strategies, you can keep your Commicarpus africanus plant healthy and looking its best.
