Origin and Common Names
Combretum schliebenii Exell & Mildbr. is a species of plant within the family Combretaceae, which is commonly found in African countries such as Cameroon, Nigeria, and Uganda. It is also known by its common names, including "Hole-in-the-wall" and "Likalikali" in Cameroon and "Atilikpa" in Nigeria.
Uses
Traditionally, various parts of the Combretum schliebenii plant have been used for medicinal purposes. For instance, the roots are used to treat dental problems such as toothache, while the sap from the leaves is used as a disinfectant for wounds. Additionally, the bark of the plant is ground into powder and used to treat stomach ulcers and dysentery.
In Uganda, the plant is used as a source of firewood, charcoal, and timber. It is also a valuable source of nectar for bees, which in turn produce honey.
General Appearance
Combretum schliebenii Exell & Mildbr. is a shrub or small tree that can grow up to a height of 8 meters. Its leaves are simple and alternate on the stem, with a length of up to 10 cm and width of 6 cm. The leaves are elliptic to oblong-elliptic, with a pointed tip and a rounded base. The upper surface of the leaves is dark green and shiny, while the underside is paler with hairs on the veins.
The flowers of the plant are small and greenish-yellow, and arranged in dense spikes at the end of the branches. They bloom from October to December. The fruit is a hairy, elongated capsule, up to 10 cm long and 3 cm wide. The capsule contains up to four seeds that are dispersed by wind and water.
Light Requirements
The Combretum schliebenii typically thrives in full sun exposure or partial shade. This plant requires ample light for proper growth, and anything less than 6 hours of sunlight each day may hinder growth and development.
Temperature Requirements
The Combretum schliebenii prefers warm to hot weather conditions. The plant grows optimally when the temperature ranges from 20°C to 35°C. It cannot tolerate frost, and any exposure to freezing temperatures can cause severe damage or death.
Soil Requirements
The Combretum schliebenii thrives in soils that are well-draining and have good water retention properties. Soil that is too alkaline or acidic may cause the plant to wilt or fail to thrive. The ideal soil pH range for Combretum schliebenii is between 6.0 to 7.5. Furthermore, the plant prefers a sandy or loamy soil, and it requires regular watering so that it can maintain moist soil conditions.
Cultivation Methods for Combretum schliebenii Exell & Mildbr.
Combretum schliebenii Exell & Mildbr., also known as the Broad-leaved Combretum, is a shrub or small tree that requires moderate care and attention to thrive. It is native to the tropical regions of sub-Saharan Africa and can grow up to 20ft in height.
The best way to cultivate Combretum schliebenii Exell & Mildbr. is to propagate it through seeds or cuttings. The plant thrives in well-drained soils that are rich in organic matter and can tolerate both direct and partial sunlight.
When planting the seeds or cuttings, make sure to leave enough space between the plants (at least 6ft) to allow for proper growth and development. The ideal planting time for Combretum schliebenii Exell & Mildbr. is during the rainy season when the soil is moist.
Watering Needs
Combretum schliebenii Exell & Mildbr. requires moderate watering. You should only water the plant when the soil is dry to the touch, but don't let the soil dry out completely.
During the rainy season, you don't need to water the plants as often. However, during the dry season, you may need to water them more frequently. Make sure that the water penetrates deep into the soil to encourage healthy root growth.
Fertilization
Combretum schliebenii Exell & Mildbr. benefits from regular fertilization. It is recommended to fertilize the plant at the beginning of the rainy season and during its peak growth period.
Use a slow-release fertilizer that is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. You should also incorporate compost or well-rotted manure into the soil to improve its overall health and fertility.
Pruning
Pruning is essential to maintaining the health and shape of Combretum schliebenii Exell & Mildbr. The best time to prune the plant is during the dry season when it is dormant.
You should remove any dead or diseased branches, as well as thin out crowded or crossing branches to promote healthy growth. Regular pruning also encourages flowering and promotes better fruit production.
When pruning Combretum schliebenii Exell & Mildbr., always use sharp and sterilized pruning tools to prevent the spread of diseases.
Propagation of Combretum schliebenii Exell & Mildbr.
Combretum schliebenii Exell & Mildbr. can be propagated by seeds, cuttings, and air layering. However, for commercial cultivation, seed propagation is the most widely used method, while cutting propagation is used mostly for research purposes or as a means of vegetative propagation.
Seed Propagation
The seeds of Combretum schliebenii Exell & Mildbr. are small and require careful handling to ensure successful germination. Fresh seeds have higher germination rates compared to older seeds. The recommended method of propagation is to sow the seeds as soon as possible after collection.
The seeds should first be soaked in warm water for a few hours to soften the hard seed coat. This will help to promote better water absorption during the germination process. Then, the seeds can be sown in a well-draining medium, such as sand or a mixture of sand and compost. They should be lightly covered with the medium and watered regularly to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Germination usually occurs within 3-4 weeks under optimal conditions.
Cutting Propagation
Cutting propagation of Combretum schliebenii Exell & Mildbr. is possible, but it has relatively low success rates. The cuttings should be taken from current season's growth, and ideally, should have a length of at least 10 cm. Cuttings should be taken from healthy mother plants and treated with a rooting hormone before planting. The cuttings should be planted in a well-draining medium, such as sand or a mixture of sand and compost. They should be kept under mist and covered with a plastic sheet to create a humid environment. After rooting occurs, the cuttings can be transplanted to individual pots or directly to the field.
Air Layering
Air layering is another method of propagation that can be used for Combretum schliebenii Exell & Mildbr. This method involves creating a wound on the stem of the plant and covering the wound with a rooting hormone and a moist medium, such as sphagnum moss. After roots develop on the wound, the stem can be cut and transplanted to a new pot or directly to the field.
Disease and Pest Management for Combretum schliebenii Exell & Mildbr.
Combretum schliebenii Exell & Mildbr. is a hardy and adaptable plant, but like all plants, it is susceptible to certain diseases and pests. Here are some common problems that may arise and suggested methods for managing them.
Diseases
Combretum schliebenii Exell & Mildbr. is generally resistant to most diseases, but some may still affect the plant. The most common diseases are:
Leaf Spot
Leaf spot is characterized by small, irregularly shaped spots on the leaves. These spots may be yellow, brown, or black, with a red or purple border. To manage this disease, remove all infected leaves and dispose of them properly. Prune the plant to improve air circulation and reduce humidity levels. Apply a fungicide if necessary.
Powdery Mildew
Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that affects the leaves, stems, and flowers. It appears as a white or gray powder on the surface of the plant. To manage this disease, remove infected leaves and prune the plant to improve air circulation. Apply a fungicide if necessary.
Pests
Combretum schliebenii Exell & Mildbr. is also prone to attack by a variety of insects and pests. The most common pests are:
Mites
Mites are tiny spider-like creatures that live on the underside of leaves. They cause damage by sucking the sap of the plant and leaving behind small, yellow or white spots. To manage this pest, remove infected leaves and spray the plant with a pesticide specifically designed for mites.
Aphids
Aphids are small, soft-bodied insects that cluster on new growth, causing stunted growth and yellowing leaves. To manage this pest, spray the plant with a pesticide specifically designed for aphids.
By following these guidelines, you can keep your Combretum schliebenii Exell & Mildbr. healthy and free from disease and pests.
