Combretum lecardii Engl. & Diels
Combretum lecardii Engl. & Diels is a flowering plant species that belongs to the family of Combretaceae. This plant is commonly known as 'Red-buttonwood' or 'Red-top' in the English language, while it is called 'Dandirenge' in the Mandinka language of West Africa. It is mostly found in the savannah regions of West and Central Africa.
General Appearance
The plant is a small deciduous to semi-evergreen tree, growing up to 6-8 meters tall and with a trunk diameter of up to 30 cm. It has a rounded crown with a spreading to an upright form. The leaves are simple, alternate, and clustered at the ends of the branches. They are shiny and dark green above and lighter beneath, with a length of 8-15 cm and a width of 2-5 cm. During the dry season, the leaves are shed, and the plant appears leafless.
Combretum lecardii produces beautiful, bright scarlet flowers during the rainy season, and these flowers grow in clusters at the ends of the branches. The flowers are tubular, with five petals that are 2-3 cm long. They are brilliant, showy, and attractive to bees and butterflies. The fruit of the plant is a small nut enclosed in a woody capsule, which splits open to release the seed.
Uses
The plant has various medicinal uses, mainly in the treatment of malaria and other fever-related illnesses. The bark of the stem and roots are used in traditional medicine to reduce fever, treat diarrhea, and alleviate stomach pain. The leaves and twigs of the plant are used to treat wounds, burns, and skin infections.
The wood of Combretum lecardii is hard and durable, making it suitable for making poles, furniture, and construction materials. The plant is also used as a shade tree in coffee plantations and agroforestry systems. In addition, the bright flowers of the plant are used in ornamental gardening and landscaping to beautify parks, gardens, and other public places.
Overall, Combretum lecardii is an important plant species in the savannah regions of West and Central Africa due to its medicinal, economic, and ornamental uses.
Light Requirements
Combretum lecardii requires full sunlight to partial shade for optimal growth. It thrives in areas with an abundance of bright, indirect light. Insufficient light may cause stunted growth or even death of the plant.
Temperature Requirements
Combretum lecardii prefers warm temperatures between 20 to 35°C (68 to 95°F). It is highly sensitive to frost and cannot withstand temperatures below 10°C (50°F). Therefore, it is essential to provide ample protection during colder months to prevent damage.
Soil Requirements
Combretum lecardii grows best in well-drained soil, enriched with organic matter and essential nutrients. The soil should have a pH level between 6.0 to 7.5, which is slightly acidic to neutral. The plant can tolerate a wide range of soil types, including clay, sandy, and loamy soils. However, it does not tolerate waterlogged or poorly drained soils, which can cause root rot and other diseases.
Cultivation of Combretum Lecardii Engl. & Diels
When cultivating Combretum Lecardii Engl. & Diels, it is essential to choose a location with well-drained, loamy soil and full sunlight. The plant can survive in sandy or clay soil, but loamy soil is recommended. Also, ensure the soil is slightly acidic with a pH range of 5.5 to 6.5.
It's best to plant Combretum Lecardii Engl. & Diels seeds during the spring or summer and transplant the seedlings outdoors when they have grown two or more leaves. Carefully use a mild fertilizer to avoid burning the seedlings when transplanting.
Watering Needs of Combretum Lecardii Engl. & Diels
Water the newly transplanted Combretum Lecardii Engl. & Diels generously. After establishment, the plant needs moderate watering. Avoid overwatering or letting the soil dry out entirely. Once the root system has established, the plant can tolerate a moderate drought. Ensure the plant's soil is moist, but not waterlogged as this could lead to root rot.
Fertilization of Combretum Lecardii Engl. & Diels
During the growing season, it's advisable to feed Combretum Lecardii Engl. & Diels once every two or three weeks. Use a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 10-10-10 to encourage healthy growth and blooming. Alternatively, apply organic matter like compost or manure that will nourish the plant and improve soil fertility. Stop feeding the plant in winter when it goes dormant.
Pruning Combretum Lecardii Engl. & Diels
Prune Combretum Lecardii Engl. & Diels during winter or early spring while the plant is still dormant. Prune dead or diseased branches to encourage new growth and prevent the spread of diseases. Also, prune selectively to shape the plant, giving it an appealing form and to reduce overcrowding. Avoid making drastic cuts as this could shock the plant and reduce future yields.
Propagation Methods for Combretum lecardii Engl. & Diels
Combretum lecardii Engl. & Diels, commonly known as the "Yellow Flame," is a deciduous tree that belongs to the Combretaceae family. It is mainly found in Africa and is grown for its aesthetic value. Propagation of Combretum lecardii is possible through various methods, including:
Seeds
Propagation through seeds is the most common method for Combretum lecardii. The seeds should be harvested when the seed pods turn brown. Soak the seeds in water for 24 hours before sowing them in a prepared nursery bed. Cover the seeds with soil and water it regularly. After four weeks, the seeds should have germinated, and the seedlings can be transplanted into larger containers.
Cuttings
Propagation through cuttings is an alternative method for Combretum lecardii. Stem cuttings from young branches should be taken, and the leaves should be removed except for the top two leaves. Dip the cuttings into rooting hormone powder and plant them in a prepared container with soil. Keep the soil moist by watering it regularly, and the cuttings will root within six to eight weeks.
Air-Layering
Air-layering is a propagation method that involves inducing roots to grow while the plant is still attached to the parent tree. Select a branch of the parent tree and make a small cut in the bark. Cover the cut area with moist sphagnum moss and wrap it with plastic to keep it moist. After a few weeks, roots will start to grow from the branch. Cut the branch from the parent tree once roots have formed, and plant it in a container with soil.
Disease Management for Combretum lecardii
Combretum lecardii is generally a strong and hardy plant that is resistant to many diseases. However, some diseases may attack this plant which will lead to a decline in its growth and fruit production.
The most common diseases that may affect Combretum lecardii are:
- Leaf spot: This disease causes leaf spots that are brown or black in color. It can be controlled by regularly pruning infected leaves and burning or disposing of them, avoiding overhead irrigation, and maintaining proper plant spacing for good air circulation.
- Powdery mildew: This fungal disease causes a grayish-white powdery coating on the plants. It can be treated by applying a fungicide and removing any infected leaves.
- Anthracnose: This disease causes irregular brown spots on leaves, cankers, and twig dieback. It can be controlled by pruning infected areas, removing fallen leaves, and applying a fungicide.
Pest Management for Combretum lecardii
Combretum lecardii is generally resistant to most pests and insects. However, some pests may attack this plant which will lead to a decline in its growth and fruit production. The common pests that may attack Combretum lecardii are:
- Caterpillars: These pests feed on the leaves of the plant. They can be controlled by handpicking or applying an insecticide.
- Aphids: Aphids suck the sap from the leaves of the plants and cause stunted growth. They can be controlled by spraying the plant with a strong jet of water or applying any insecticidal soap.
- Scale insects: These pests feed on the sap of the plants and can cause a decline in their health. They can be controlled by scraping them off with a brush or applying an insecticide.
