Overview
Combretum laurentii De Wild. is a large evergreen tree species belonging to the Combretaceae family. The tree is commonly known as African teak, Cameroon tree, or kevazingo. It is native to Central and West African countries such as Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, and Angola, and is primarily found in forests and savannas.
Appearance
The African teak can grow up to 40 meters in height and has a diameter of up to 2 meters. Its thick, rough bark is typically brown-gray, and its leaves are dark green in color, shiny, and elliptical-shaped. The tree produces small, yellow flowers, which develop into fruit capsules containing four seeds.
Uses
The African teak is widely used for its valuable timber, which is highly sought after in the international market due to its durability and decorative qualities. The timber is commonly used for creating furniture, flooring, and decorative veneers. The plant's bark, roots, and leaves possess medicinal properties and are used in traditional African medicine for treating various ailments such as malaria and diarrhea. The plant's leaves, fruits, and seeds are also used as food for both human and animal consumption. Additionally, the tree provides a vital habitat for a variety of bird, insect, and mammal species.
Light Requirements
Combretum laurentii De Wild. requires full to partial sunlight to grow and thrive. It is recommended to plant the tree in an area that receives at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily. Insufficient light may result in stunted growth or sickness.
Temperature Requirements
Combretum laurentii De Wild. grows well in tropical and subtropical regions. The ideal temperature range to grow this plant is between 20 to 30°C. The plant can withstand hot and dry conditions, as long as it receives adequate water. Freezing temperatures are not suitable for this plant and can lead to its death.
Soil Requirements
Combretum laurentii De Wild. prefers well-drained, loamy soils, rich in organic matter. It can also grow in sandy soils with good drainage. The tree can tolerate mildly alkaline or acidic soils. The pH of the soil should be maintained between 6 to 7.5 for optimal growth.
The plant requires sufficient water to grow and should be watered periodically. Overwatering or waterlogged conditions can lead to root rot and other diseases. Fertilization can be applied once in a year to maintain soil nutrient levels.
Cultivation methods
Combretum laurentii De Wild., commonly known as African cherry or padouk, is a deciduous tree that can reach up to 50 meters tall in its natural habitat. It prefers well-drained soils, rich in organic matter, and has moderate resistance in drought conditions. It is commonly propagated through seeds, which are best planted during the summer season. The seeds should be sown in well-drained soil, and at a depth of 2 to 3 times their diameter. Before planting, make sure the soil is moist and weed-free.
Watering needs
Combretum laurentii De Wild. requires regular watering, especially during the early stages of growth. However, it's important to avoid over-watering, as this can lead to waterlogging and root rot. During hotter months, the plant may need to be watered more often to prevent drought stress. Ensure that the soil is moist but not water-logged, and that water does not stand around the roots. When watering, make sure to direct the stream down to the ground and not on the leaves, as this may damage them.
Fertilization
To boost growth and health, Combretum laurentii De Wild. requires regular fertilization. During planting, incorporate well-decomposed manure or compost into the soil. After the first year, apply a complete fertilizer with an N:P:K ratio of 2:2:2, every three months. Alternatively, apply an NPK slow-release fertilizer in the spring and autumn months. Be careful not to over-fertilize as this may cause scorching of the leaves.
Pruning
Pruning Combretum laurentii De Wild. is essential to maintain its shape and health. Pruning should be done during the dormant season or when the plant is not actively growing. Remove any dead, diseased, or broken branches. To keep the tree compact and well-branched, cut back any elongated or unsightly shoots, and prune back any branches that are growing out of the desired shape. Be sure to use sharp and clean tools when pruning.
Propagation Methods for Combretum laurentii De Wild.
Combretum laurentii De Wild., commonly known as African cherry, is a moderately fast-growing tree native to Africa. Propagation of the tree can be achieved through the following methods:
Seed Propagation
The easiest and most common method of propagating Combretum laurentii De Wild. is through seeds. The seeds are collected from the tree when they are fully mature and dry. The hard outer shell of the seed should be removed by either chipping or soaking it in water for 24 hours. The seeds should then be planted in good quality soil mix, about 1cm deep, and kept in a warm, sheltered place with good humidity. The germination period is around three to four weeks.
Cuttings Propagation
A second method of propagation is through cuttings. This method is best used for cultivars that do not come true from seed. Stem cuttings are taken in late spring or early summer and should be about 10 to 15 cm long with two to three nodes. The bottom part of the cutting should be dipped in rooting hormone powder before inserting it into a well-drained soil mix. The cutting should then be kept moist in a covered, humid environment. Rooting usually occurs in six to eight weeks.
Air Layering Propagation
Air layering is another propagation method that can be used for Combretum laurentii De Wild. Air layering is most effective in propagating mature trees that are not readily available as seeds or cuttings. To air layer, choose a healthy, sturdy branch near the base of the plant and make a cut through the bark, approximately 2cm wide. Apply rooting hormone powder to the exposed surface and wrap it in moist sphagnum moss. Cover this with cling film and tie it above and below the layer with twine. After two to six months, the roots will have formed and will be visible in the moss. Cut the branch under the layer and transplant it to a pot of well-draining soil mix.
Disease and Pest Management for Combretum laurentii De Wild.
Combretum laurentii De Wild. or commonly known as African teak or tigerwood, belongs to the Combretaceae family. It is a hardwood tree that can reach up to 40 meters in height. It is a valuable timber species due to its high durability and resistance to decay and insect attack. However, it is not immune to diseases and pests.
Common Diseases
One of the common diseases that affect Combretum laurentii is leaf spot or leaf blight. This disease is caused by fungi, such as Cercospora combreti, and is characterized by brown or black circular spots on the leaves. The leaves can eventually wither and fall off, reducing the tree's vigor. To manage this disease, it is essential to remove and destroy infected leaves and use fungicides to prevent further spread.
Another disease that can affect African teak is powdery mildew. Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that appears as white, powdery spots on the leaves, stems, and flowers. This disease can stunt the tree's growth and reduce its overall health and vigor. To manage powdery mildew, it is crucial to ensure proper air circulation and humidity levels. Additionally, fungicides can be used to control the disease.
Common Pests
African teak can also be affected by several insect pests, such as the teak defoliator (Hyblaea puera). The larvae of this moth species feed on the leaves of the tree, causing defoliation, reduced growth, and eventually the death of the tree. To manage the teak defoliator, it is vital to identify and remove the infested leaves and use insecticides.
Another pest that can cause damage to African teak is termites. Termites can cause significant damage to the tree's trunk and branches, weakening the tree's structure, and making it more susceptible to breaking during storms. Termite control can be achieved through regular inspection and the use of chemical or organic treatments.
In conclusion, Combretum laurentii De Wild. is a valuable timber species that is susceptible to diseases and pests. Adequate management is essential to prevent and control these problems, ensuring the tree's growth and overall health.
