Overview
Combretum deserti Engl. is a plant that belongs to the family Combretaceae. It is native to the tropical regions of Africa, specifically in countries such as Niger, Chad, and Mali. It is a large shrub or small tree that is known for its numerous medicinal properties and ornamental applications.
Common Names
Combretum deserti Engl. has several common names such as African bushwillow, Turkish hazelwood, and desert combratum. In Niger, it is known as Tchinkeber.
Appearance
The plant can grow up to 6 meters in height with a trunk diameter of up to 30 cm. It has a grayish-brown bark that is rough and scaly. The leaves are dark green, glossy, and oval-shaped with a length of about 6 cm. The flowers are small, greenish-white to yellowish, and have a sweet fragrance. The fruits are small, brown, and have one seed inside.
Uses
The plant has numerous medicinal properties and is used in traditional African medicine to treat different ailments such as fever, diarrhea, and snakebites. Its bark and leaves are also used as a remedy for respiratory problems, skin infections, and inflammation. The plant is also used as a source of firewood, and its leaves are used to feed livestock. Moreover, Combretum deserti Engl. is an attractive plant that is used in landscaping due to its ornamental qualities.
Growth Conditions for Combretum deserti Engl.
Light: Combretum deserti Engl. is a sun-loving plant that requires full sunlight exposure for proper growth and development. It can tolerate some partial shade, but prolonged periods of shade can lead to stunted growth and poor health.
Temperature: This plant thrives in hot and dry climates, and can tolerate high temperatures of up to 45°C. It is also well adapted to temperature fluctuations and even frost, which allows it to grow in a range of climatic conditions.
Soil: Combretum deserti Engl. prefers well-draining soils that are sandy or rocky with good aeration. It can also grow in poor and dry soils, but may require occasional watering during prolonged drought periods. The plant is not adapted to waterlogged soils and will consequently suffer from root rot.
Moisture: This plant thrives in arid or semi-arid environments, and can tolerate low moisture levels. It can become drought-tolerant once established, but requires regular irrigation during dry periods for vigorous growth and flowering.
Nutrients: Combretum deserti Engl. does not have specific nutrient requirements but can benefit from a light application of balanced fertilizer in the spring season to encourage healthy growth and flowering.
Overall, Combretum deserti Engl. prefers growing in hot and dry areas with well-draining soils that receive full sunlight exposure. With proper care and maintenance, this plant can grow into an attractive shrub that blooms beautiful, fragrant flowers.
Cultivation methods for Combretum deserti Engl.
Combretum deserti Engl. grows well in subtropical and tropical regions. To cultivate this plant, you will need to prepare the soil adequately and ensure that it is well-draining. Combretum deserti Engl. also does well in sandy soils that are slightly acidic. It is essential to ensure that the planting site receives ample sunlight and has sufficient space for the plant to grow. You can propagate this plant using cuttings or seeds.
Watering needs for Combretum deserti Engl.
Combretum deserti Engl. requires moderate watering. Avoid overwatering as this plant is susceptible to rot. Ensure that the soil is slightly moist but not waterlogged. When watering, it is advisable to soak the soil to a depth of at least six inches. During the growing season, water the plant every week, reducing the frequency during the dormant season.
Fertilization for Combretum deserti Engl.
Combretum deserti Engl. thrives in nutrient-rich soil. It is advisable to fertilize this plant using organic compost, which enriches the soil with essential minerals that the plant needs to grow. During the growing season, fertilize the plant at least once every month. During the dormant season, reduce the frequency of fertilization.
Pruning Combretum deserti Engl.
Pruning is essential to keep Combretum deserti Engl. in good shape. Remove any dead or diseased leaves or branches to stimulate growth and discourage the spread of pests or diseases. Ensure that you use clean pruning tools to avoid spreading plant diseases. Since this plant is a climber, it is advisable to provide a trellis or other support, which will guide the plant to grow in the desired direction.
Propagation of Combretum deserti Engl.
Combretum deserti Engl. is commonly propagated by seed but can also be propagated by cuttings.
Propagation by Seed
Seeds should be collected when they are mature and dry. They can be sown immediately or stored in a cool, dry place for later use. Before planting, the seeds should be scarified to break their hard seed coat. This can be done by soaking them in hot water for a few hours or by mechanical scarification. Once scarified, the seeds can be planted in a deep container or directly in the ground. They should be planted at a depth of 1-2 cm and kept moist until they germinate. Germination can take up to several weeks, depending on the conditions.
Propagation by Cuttings
Propagation by cuttings is less common than propagation by seed, but it can be an effective method. Cuttings should be taken from new growth in the spring or summer and should be approximately 10-15 cm long. The leaves should be stripped from the lower half of the cutting, and any flowers or buds should be removed. The cutting should be dipped in rooting hormone and planted in a container filled with moist soil mix. The container should be covered with a plastic bag to create a humid environment and placed in a bright, but indirect light. The cutting should be kept moist until roots develop, which can take several weeks.
Disease and Pest Management for Combretum deserti Engl.
Combretum deserti Engl. (commonly known as Velvet bushwillow) belongs to Combretaceae family and is native to Southern Africa. It is a small, deciduous tree that grows in hot and dry regions. The tree is hardy and does not face too many disease and pest issues. However, certain factors can cause damage to the tree. Some common diseases and pests that might affect the plant are:
Diseases
1. Root Rot: The fungus attacks the roots of the plant and causes decay. Symptoms include yellowing of the leaves and wilting of the plant. To avoid this, plant the tree in well-draining soil and avoid overwatering. Fungicides can be used to control the fungus.
2. Leaf Spot: Fungal leaf spot causes brown spots on the leaves. It is caused by excess moisture and high humidity. Ensure there is proper air circulation and avoid watering the plant from above. Fungicides can be used to manage the infection.
Pests
1. Scale insects: They are small, oval-shaped insects that can mar the foliage of the plant, causing it to wilt, become yellow or brown. Neem oil or insecticides can be applied to the plant to control the infestation.
2. Spider Mites: They can cause extensive damage to the leaves of the plant by feeding on the plant's sap. The leaves turn yellow and become dry and brittle. Regular hosing of the plant helps to prevent infestation, while insecticides can be used to manage the insects.
3. Caterpillars: Some caterpillars may feed on the leaves of the tree, causing defoliation. Handpicking of the larvae and the application of Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) can be used to manage the pests.
Combretum deserti Engl. is not very susceptible to diseases and pests. Yet, it is recommended to keep a lookout for any signs of infection or infestation and take prompt action to manage them.
