Origin
Combretum borumense Engl. & Diels is a species of flowering plant that belongs to the family Combretaceae. The plant is native to African countries such as Cameroon and Gabon, as well as Equatorial Guinea and the Republic of Congo.
Common Names
Combretum borumense is commonly known as "Ntseh" in the Bantu language spoken in Cameroon, and "Boru" in Gabon. Other local names include "Inkwakwa" and "Ngom Nkou."
Uses
The leaves and roots of Combretum borumense have long been used in traditional medicine and are reported to have various medicinal properties. In Cameroon, the plant is used to treat fever, headaches, and malaria. The bark and twigs are also used as a natural remedy for diarrhea and dysentery. Additionally, the plant has been used to treat snake bites due to its anti-inflammatory properties.
Appearance
The Combretum borumense is a small to medium-sized tree that can grow up to 15 meters tall. Its leaves are simple, oval-shaped, and glossy green in color. The flowers are small, white, and arranged in dense, cylindrical spikes. The fruit is a dry, long and linear pod that is about 5-10 cm long when mature.
The bark of Combretum borumense is dark brown with deep fissures and scales. It has a characteristic odor when crushed, which is described as having a garlic-like scent. The plant typically grows in open woodland areas and can tolerate both dry and moist conditions.
Growth Conditions for Combretum Borumense Engl. & Diels
Combretum Borumense Engl. & Diels is an evergreen, flowering shrub widespread in Africa, where it grows in warm, dry tropical and subtropical areas. The shrub can grow up to 6 meters high and 4 meters broad, except for growing conditions that affect its size.
Light
Combretum borumense prefers full sunlight exposure for optimal growth. The plant can withstand partial shade, but it is bound to produce fewer flowers and grow less vigorously.
Temperature
The plant requires moderately high temperatures to grow well. Temperatures that range between 20 and 33°C are sufficient for it to thrive. However, when it is not raining, the plant can withstand temperatures as high as 45°C without any adverse effects. The shrub does not grow well in areas with temperatures below 10°C.
Soil
Combretum borumense is adaptable to different soil types, including sandy, loamy, and clay soils. However, it prefers well-draining alkaline soils that are not water-logged for optimal growth. The soil should also be rich in organic matter and have a pH of between 7.0 and 8.5. The plant is drought-tolerant, but regular watering improves its overall health and growth.
Cultivation Methods
Combretum borumense, commonly known as "African Dream Plant," is a tropical flowering plant native to Africa. It grows well in warm temperatures and requires full sun exposure. It is best grown in well-draining soil with a pH ranging from slightly acidic to slightly alkaline. The plant can be propagated through seeds or stem cuttings.
When planting seeds, it is essential to scarify them to promote germination. Soak the seeds overnight in warm water, then rub them gently to remove the seed coat. Sow the seeds in a pot filled with well-draining soil and keep them in a warm, humid location until they germinate.
Watering Needs
African Dream Plants require moderate watering. The soil should be kept consistently moist but never waterlogged. Watering should be reduced during the winter months, and the soil should be allowed to dry slightly between watering intervals. Watering should be done at the base of the plant to avoid wetting the foliage, which can lead to fungal diseases.
Fertilization
Combretum borumense is a moderate feeder, and it responds well to regular fertilization. Fertilizers high in potassium and phosphorus are best and should be applied every two weeks during the growing season. Avoid applying fertilizer during the winter months when the plant is dormant.
Pruning
Pruning is essential to remove dead or diseased wood and promote healthy growth. Prune the plant in the spring or early summer before new growth appears. Trim the plant to shape it, leaving enough foliage to support the growth of flowers. Regular pruning will help to maintain the desired size and shape of the plant and prevent it from becoming too leggy.
Propagation of Combretum borumense Engl. & Diels
Combretum borumense Engl. & Diels is commonly propagated through seeds and cuttings.
Propagation through Seeds
Propagation through seeds is a common method for Combretum borumense. The seeds are collected from the plant and then cleaned before sowing. It is recommended to sow the seeds in a well-drained seedbed and lightly cover them with soil. The seedbed should be kept moist, and the seeds usually germinate within 2-3 weeks.
Propagation through Cuttings
Propagation through cuttings is also a viable method for Combretum borumense. Hardwood cuttings of 15-20 cm in length can be taken in the early spring. The leaves should be removed from the lower part of the cutting, and rooting hormone should be applied. The cuttings should be planted in well-drained soil and kept moist until the roots are established.
Propagation through cuttings can also be done using softwood cuttings of 5-10 cm in length. These cuttings should be taken in the early summer and should be planted in a well-drained mixture of sand and peat moss. The cuttings should be kept moist and should root within a few weeks.
It is important to note that Combretum borumense can take up to 3-4 years to reach maturity, so patience is required when propagating this plant.
Disease and Pest Management for Combretum borumense Engl. & Diels
Plant diseases and pests can significantly affect the growth and productivity of Combretum borumense Engl. & Diels. Proper management practices need to be in place to minimize or prevent the outbreak of diseases and pests. Here are some common diseases and pests that can affect this plant and ways to manage them:
Diseases
1. Leaf Spot
This is a fungal disease that affects the leaves of the plant. The symptoms are characterized by circular brown spots with a yellow halo around them. The leaves may also become distorted and fall prematurely. To manage this disease, remove and destroy infected leaves regularly. Also, avoid overhead irrigation and allow enough air circulation around the plant.
2. Powdery Mildew
This is a fungal disease that thrives in humid conditions. It is characterized by white powdery growth on the leaves, stems, and flowers of the plant. Infected leaves may also turn yellow and fall off. To manage this disease, spray the plant with a fungicide, especially during humid weather conditions. Also, remove and destroy infected leaves regularly.
Pests
1. Spider Mites
Spider mites are common pests that attack Combretum borumense Engl. & Diels. They suck the sap from the plant, leading to stunted growth, leaf yellowing, and eventual death. To control these pests, spray the plant with a miticide. You can also improve humidity levels around the plant and reduce the use of chemical insecticides that can kill beneficial insects that control spider mites.
2. Aphids
Aphids are also a common pest that attacks this plant. They are tiny insects that suck the sap from the plant's leaves, leading to deformities and stunted growth. To control these pests, spray the plant with an insecticide or use insecticidal soap. You can also introduce natural predators such as ladybugs to control aphids.
Practicing proper plant hygiene, monitoring the plant regularly for any signs of disease or pest attack, and taking prompt action will go a long way in preventing the outbreak and spread of diseases and pests on Combretum borumense Engl. & Diels.
