Overview:
Combretum atropurpureum Engl. & Diels, also known as Bushwillow or Velvet Bushwillow, is an evergreen tree species that belongs to the family Combretaceae. The plant is native to central and southern Africa, particularly found in savanna woodlands and grasslands.
General Appearance:
The tree can grow up to a height of 10-15 meters with a diameter of approximately 90 centimeters. The bark of the trunk and branches is grayish-brown, smooth with shallow fissures and peeling flakes. The leaves are simple, alternate, and oval-shaped, measuring about 5-10 centimeters in length and 3-6 centimeters in width, with a dark green and glossy texture. The flowers are small and inconspicuous, arranged in dense clusters, and have a pinkish-purple color. The fruits, called samaras, are brown and woody, consisting of a single seed enclosed in a wing-like structure that facilitates wind dispersal.
Common Names:
Combretum atropurpureum is commonly known as "Bushwillow" due to its bushy appearance, and "Velvet Bushwillow" because of the soft, velvety texture of its leaves.
Uses:
The plant serves a variety of purposes. The bark and roots of the tree are used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases like fever, malaria, and dysentery. The tree's leaves are used to make a refreshing tea that has a fruity taste. Additionally, the wood of the tree is used as fuel and for making furniture. In some areas, the tree is grown as an ornamental plant due to its attractive leaves and form.
Growth Conditions for Combretum atropurpureum Engl. & Diels
Combretum atropurpureum Engl. & Diels, commonly known as Bushwillow, is a deciduous shrub or small tree that belongs to the Combretaceae family. It is native to Africa and is commonly found in open savannas, especially in South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique.
Light Requirements
Bushwillow prefers full sun exposure to partial sun, making it an ideal plant for outdoor growth. In partial shade, its growth is slower, and the foliage may not be as dense as in full sun. Therefore, it is recommended to plant the shrub in an area with maximum sunlight to achieve an optimal growth rate.
Temperature Requirements
Bushwillow thrives in a warm climate and can grow in a wide range of temperature conditions. It can tolerate a minimum temperature of -7°C (19°F) and a maximum temperature of 38°C (100°F). As such, it is a suitable plant for tropical and sub-tropical regions. In colder climates, the plant tends to lose its leaves and goes dormant.
Soil Requirements
Bushwillow grows well in well-draining soils, which are loamy, sandy, or a mixture of both. It prefers slightly acidic to neutral soils with a pH range of 6.0-7.5. The plant is drought-tolerant and can adapt to a wide range of soil moisture content. However, it requires regular watering during the growing season to maintain optimal growth. It is also recommended to add organic matter to the soil to improve its fertility and nutrient content.
Cultivation Methods for Combretum atropurpureum Engl. & Diels
Combretum atropurpureum Engl. & Diels thrives in hot and dry tropical climates. The plant can be propagated from seeds or cuttings. For seed propagation, the seeds should be collected when mature. They can be sown into well-drained soil and covered lightly. Regular watering is necessary until the plants are established. For cuttings, healthy stem segments can be taken and placed in soil. It is important to keep the soil moist but avoid overwatering as this may cause rotting.
Watering Needs for Combretum atropurpureum Engl. & Diels
Combretum atropurpureum Engl. & Diels requires moderate watering. The plant does well in dry soil and can tolerate drought to some extent. However, it is important to keep the soil moist when the plant is young to aid in its establishment. It is essential to avoid waterlogging as this may lead to root rotting. Frequent check on the soil moisture level is important, and watering should be done only when necessary.
Fertilization of Combretum atropurpureum Engl. & Diels
Combretum atropurpureum Engl. & Diels requires fertilization for optimum growth. A balanced fertilizer with equal parts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is recommended. It can be applied twice a year at the beginning of the rainy season and at the end of the cold season when growth resumption occurs. Over-fertilization should be avoided as this may cause rapid growth, which may weaken the plant.
Pruning of Combretum atropurpureum Engl. & Diels
Combretum atropurpureum Engl. & Diels requires pruning to maintain its shape and height. Pruning is done during the dry season when the plant is dormant. The dead and diseased wood should be removed for the plant's health. The branches should be selectively pruned to enhance the plant's structure. It is important to avoid excessive pruning as this may weaken the plant, leading to stunting growth.
Propagation of Combretum atropurpureum Engl. & Diels
Combretum atropurpureum Engl. & Diels can be propagated via both seeds and stem cuttings.
Propagation via seeds
Seeds for propagation should be collected from mature fruits. The fruits should be allowed to ripen and dry on the plant before collecting the seeds. The seeds can be directly planted in pots or on raised nursery beds filled with well-draining soil. The seeds should be planted at a depth of 1 to 2 cm in the soil. The soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged. Germination can take from 1 to 3 months.
Propagation via stem cuttings
Propagation via stem cuttings is most successful during the plant's growing season. Select healthy stem cuttings that are about 20-25 cm long with several leaves. The cuttings should be taken from the top of the plant as these are usually more vigorous. Remove the leaves from the bottom half of the stem, leaving only a few at the top. Dip the cut end in rooting hormone and plant the cutting in a well-draining soil medium. Place the cutting in a shaded area and ensure that the soil is kept moist. Roots should start developing in about 4 to 8 weeks.
Disease Management for Combretum atropurpureum
Combretum atropurpureum is a hardy plant species that is relatively resistant to disease. However, it can be susceptible to several fungal diseases such as powdery mildew and leaf spot.
Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that appears as a white, powdery substance on the leaves of the plant. It can be managed by providing adequate air circulation and by removing infected leaves. Applying a fungicide can also help eliminate the disease.
Leaf spot is another fungal disease that can affect Combretum atropurpureum. It appears as dark spots on the leaves of the plant, which can eventually cause the leaves to drop. Managing leaf spot involves removing infected leaves and treating the plant with a fungicide.
Pest Management for Combretum atropurpureum
Combretum atropurpureum is not commonly affected by pests. However, it can be vulnerable to aphids and spider mites.
Aphids are small insects that can infest the plant, causing leaves and stems to curl and wilt. They can be managed by spraying the plant with a strong stream of water or by using a natural predator such as ladybugs or lacewings.
Spider mites are also small insects that can cause damage to the plant by feeding on its leaves. They can be managed by applying insecticidal soap or neem oil to the plant.
Regularly inspecting the plant for signs of disease and pests and taking appropriate measures at the first sign of infestation can go a long way in maintaining the health of Combretum atropurpureum.
