Plant Description:
Cola tessmannii Engl. & K. Krause is a tropical, evergreen tree that belongs to the Sterculiaceae family. It can grow up to 30 meters in height and has a bole that measures up to 90cm in diameter. The tree produces oblong or elliptical-shaped leaves which are dark green on the upper surface and pale green on the lower surface. The flowers of this tree are small and inconspicuous, and the fruits are ellipsoidal to subglobose.
Origin and Common Names:
Cola tessmannii is native to tropical West and Central Africa and can be found in countries such as Nigeria, Cameroon and Gabon. The tree is commonly referred to as "bitter cola" or "Garcinia kola" in Nigeria, while in Cameroon, it is called "wisa" or "wakese". The scientific name of this tree, Cola tessmannii, was given in honor of the German botanist, Dr. Tessmann, who explored the region where the plant is found.
Uses:
The bitter kola tree is used extensively in traditional African medicine for a variety of ailments. The seeds, in particular, are highly valued for their medicinal properties. They contain a high concentration of caffeine, theobromine, and kolanin, making them an effective stimulant. The seeds are also used to treat coughs, colds, and other respiratory illnesses, as well as to enhance sexual performance. They are also used as a digestive aid and to alleviate hunger pangs.
In addition to its medicinal uses, the bitter kola tree has cultural significance and is used in various ceremonies in West Africa. The seeds were traditionally used as a form of currency in some parts of Nigeria and are still used as a symbol of hospitality and respect.
Growth Conditions for Cola tessmannii Engl. & K.Krause
Light: Cola tessmannii are understory trees and thrive in partial shade to full shade. Direct sunlight can harm their growth and development, so it is best to place them in an area that receives filtered light.
Temperature: Cola tessmannii grow well in tropical and subtropical climates with warm temperatures between 20°C to 30°C. They do not tolerate frost or temperatures below 10°C well, which can cause damage to the plant.
Soil: The soil requirements for Cola tessmannii involve a well-draining soil with medium to high fertility. A loamy soil enriched with organic matter is ideal. The pH level of the soil should be in the slightly acidic range between 5.5 and 6.5.
Water: Cola tessmannii prefers moist soil and requires regular watering. However, the soil should not be waterlogged, which can lead to root rot. It is necessary to maintain consistent soil moisture throughout the growth period.
Fertilizer: To support growth and development, feed the Cola tessmannii with a balanced fertilizer during the growing season. A deficiency of nutrients can lead to stunted growth and discoloration of the leaves.
Propagation: Propagation can be done through seeds or stem cuttings. Seeds should be planted in a well-draining mix and kept in a warm, humid environment. Stem cuttings can be rooted in a moist rooting medium and covered with a plastic bag to keep the soil moist.
Cultivation of Cola tessmannii Engl. & K.Krause
Cola tessmannii Engl. & K.Krause is a tropical plant that requires a warm climate. It can be grown outdoors in regions with a temperature range of 18-30°C. It is also suited for indoor cultivation with temperature-controlled conditions.
Watering Needs of Cola tessmannii Engl. & K.Krause
Cola tessmannii Engl. & K.Krause requires moderate watering. The soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged. It is recommended to water the plant once a week, allowing the soil to dry slightly before the next watering. During the dormant period, which is usually in winter, watering should be reduced.
Fertilization of Cola tessmannii Engl. & K.Krause
Cola tessmannii Engl. & K.Krause benefits from regular fertilization with a balanced fertilizer. Fertilization should be done during the growing season, which is typically in spring and summer. Follow the instructions on the fertilizer packaging and avoid overfertilization, which can lead to nutrient burn.
Pruning of Cola tessmannii Engl. & K.Krause
Pruning of Cola tessmannii Engl. & K.Krause is done to control its size and promote bushier growth. It is recommended to prune the plant in the early spring before the growing season begins. Remove any dead or diseased branches and any leggy growth. Cutting back the top of the plant can help promote bushy growth.
Propagation of Cola tessmannii Engl. & K.Krause
Cola tessmannii Engl. & K.Krause, commonly known as Tessmann's Cola, is a tropical tree that belongs to the family Malvaceae. The tree is native to Africa and is widely grown for its nuts, which are rich in caffeine and used to make popular beverages like cola drinks.
Propagation of Cola tessmannii can be achieved through various methods, including:
Seed Propagation
The most common method of propagating Cola tessmannii is through seeds. The seeds should be harvested when they are mature and appear dark brown in color. The seeds are soaked in hot water for about 24 hours before planting. The seedlings emerge after about two weeks, but it can take up to six months for the seedlings to develop a sizable root system and be ready for transplanting.
Air Layering
Air layering is another effective method of propagating Cola tessmannii. In this method, the branch of the parent plant is slit, and a rooting hormone is applied to the cut section. The cut area of the branch is then wrapped in a moist sphagnum moss and plastic wrap, creating a mini greenhouse for the new roots to grow. After several weeks, the roots grow in the moist sphagnum moss, and the new plant can be separated from the parent plant and planted in a pot or directly in the garden.
Cuttings Propagation
Cuttings are another method of propagating Cola tessmannii. This method involves pruning a healthy branch from the parent plant, removing the leaves from the bottom 2 inches of the stem, and dipping the cut end of the stem in rooting hormone. The stem is then placed in a pot filled with potting mix, and kept moist. The new plant can be transferred to a bigger pot after root growth has developed.
Propagation of Cola tessmannii can be rewarding, and with these propagation methods, you can easily increase the number of plants in your garden.
Disease and Pest Management for Cola tessmannii Engl. & K.Krause
Cola tessmannii Engl. & K.Krause is a tropical plant that is susceptible to various diseases and pest infestations. The following are some common diseases and pests that might affect the plant:
Diseases
Leaf Spot Disease: This is a fungal disease that affects the leaves of Cola tessmannii. The symptoms include small yellow or brown spots on the leaves that gradually enlarge and merge to form large irregular patches. To manage this disease, it is essential to remove and destroy the infected leaves, promote proper air circulation around the plant, and avoid watering the leaves. Fungicides such as copper-based or sulfur-based products can also be applied to control the spread of the disease.
Anthracnose: This is another fungal disease that affects the plant's foliage and fruits. The symptoms include the appearance of dark brown or black circular spots on the leaves, which later spread to the stems and fruits. To manage the disease, the affected parts of the plant should be removed and destroyed, and the plant should be treated with fungicides regularly.
Root Rot: This is a soil-borne disease caused by waterlogging, poor drainage, and overwatering. The symptoms include wilting leaves, stunted growth, and root discoloration. To manage this disease, it is essential to reduce watering, improve soil drainage, and avoid waterlogging. Application of fungicides might also help to control its spread.
Pests
Mealybugs: Mealybugs are common pests that affect Cola tessmannii. They appear as small white insects that congregate on the leaves and stems of the plant, sucking on the sap and leaving a sticky residue. To manage this pest, it is essential to physically remove them using a cotton swab dipped in alcohol or applying insecticidal soap.
Spider Mites: These pests are tiny arachnids that make fine webs on the leaves, which might cause discoloration and leaves falling off. To manage spider mites, it is essential to improve humidity levels around the plant, remove the affected leaves, and apply insecticidal soaps or neem oil.
Caterpillars: Caterpillars might feed on the leaves and flowers of Cola tessmannii, causing extensive damage. To control this pest, regular inspection is essential, and the application of bacteria-based insecticides, such as Bacillus thuringiensis, might help to control their spread.
Finally, it is important to maintain proper plant hygiene and promote optimal growing conditions to keep Cola tessmannii healthy and free from diseases and pests. Regular pruning, fertilization, and monitoring can help to maintain a healthy plant.
