Overview
Clerodendrum velutinum A.Chev. is a plant species that belongs to the family Lamiaceae (mint family) and is native to tropical Africa. It is an evergreen shrub that can grow up to 5 meters tall and is commonly used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments.
Common names
Clerodendrum velutinum A.Chev. is commonly known by several names such as velvetleaf glorybower, smooth clerodendrum, and African glorybower. In some regions, it is also referred to as "Ngayika" or "Nifokwe" in the local languages.
Uses
The plant has several medicinal properties and has been used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments like malaria, fever, headache, and stomachache. The leaves and roots of the plant are used in making infusions and decoctions, and the extract is known for its antimalarial properties.
The plant is also used in the treatment of respiratory disorders such as asthma and bronchitis and has been shown to be effective in reducing inflammation.
General Appearance
Clerodendrum velutinum A.Chev. is a shrub that can grow up to 5 meters tall with a spread of around 3 meters. The leaves are dark green, glossy, and ovate, measuring 6-20 cm long by 5-12 cm wide. The plant has small, white or cream-colored fragrant flowers that grow in clusters. The fruits are green, turning to black when ripe and are small, berry-like drupes measuring about 1 cm in diameter.
The stems of the plant are upright and brownish, with a rough texture, while the new growth is velvety and covered in fine hairs. The plant prefers well-drained, moist soils and can tolerate a wide range of temperatures. It is commonly found growing naturally in forested areas and along riverbanks.
Light Requirements
Clerodendrum velutinum A.Chev. requires bright, indirect light or partial shade to grow and thrive. Excessive exposure to direct sunlight should be avoided as it can cause damage to the plant.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for Clerodendrum velutinum A.Chev. is between 18 to 26°C (65 to 80°F). The plant can tolerate temperature variations, but extreme temperatures can cause stunted growth and leaf drop. It should be protected from hot, dry wind and cold drafts.
Soil Requirements
The plant prefers well-drained, fertile soil that holds moisture but does not become waterlogged. A soil pH of 6.0 to 7.0 is optimal for the plant's growth. Adding organic matter to the soil, such as compost or manure, can improve soil fertility and structure.
Cultivation Methods for Clerodendrum velutinum A.Chev.
Clerodendrum velutinum A.Chev. can be grown either indoors or outdoors, depending on the climate. It is best to grow it in regions with a moderate to warm climate and in well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. The plant requires at least six hours of direct sunlight per day, so choose a spot that receives sufficient sunlight.
To plant Clerodendrum velutinum A.Chev., dig a hole twice as deep and wide as the root ball. Mix garden soil or compost with the loosened soil and fill the hole partially. Place the plant in the hole and backfill with soil. Firm the soil around the plant and water it deeply.
Watering Needs for Clerodendrum velutinum A.Chev.
Clerodendrum velutinum A.Chev. prefers to be grown in soil that is consistently moist but not soggy. Water the plant deeply once a week or whenever the top 1 inch of soil feels dry to the touch. Reduce watering during the winter months, as the plant requires less water during this period.
Water the plant at the base to avoid wetting the leaves, which can lead to fungal diseases or scorching in direct sunlight. If the soil is heavy, amend it with sand or perlite to improve drainage.
Fertilization of Clerodendrum velutinum A.Chev.
Clerodendrum velutinum A.Chev. benefits from regular fertilization during the growing season to encourage healthy growth and blooms. Feed the plant once a month with a balanced fertilizer that contains equal amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Alternatively, use a slow-release fertilizer twice a year, once at the beginning of spring and again during mid-summer.
Avoid over-fertilizing the plant as it can lead to excessive foliage growth and reduced flower production.
Pruning Clerodendrum velutinum A.Chev.
Clerodendrum velutinum A.Chev. generally requires minimal pruning to maintain its shape and encourage bushier growth. Prune the plant immediately after flowering to remove dead or damaged branches and to control its size. Use clean, sharp pruning shears to make angled cuts just above a leaf node.
You can also pinch back the tips of young plants to promote branching and fuller growth. Avoid pruning during the winter months when the plant is dormant.
Propagation of Clerodendrum velutinum A.Chev.
Clerodendrum velutinum A.Chev. can be propagated by seeds, cuttings, and layering.
Propagation by seeds
Seeds of Clerodendrum velutinum A.Chev. can be directly sown in the soil. The best time to sow seeds is in the rainy season. The seeds take about 3-4 weeks to germinate. Once germinated, they can be transplanted to individual pots or directly in the ground.
Propagation by cuttings
Propagation by cuttings is the most commonly used method for Clerodendrum velutinum A.Chev. Cuttings should be taken from the current season's growth, preferably from the tip of the stem. The cuttings should be about 10-15 cm long and have at least two nodes. The lower leaves should be removed, and the cutting should be treated with rooting hormones before planting it in well-draining soil. The cutting should be kept in a shaded area and watered regularly. The cuttings take about 2-3 months to root and can then be transplanted.
Propagation by layering
Propagation by layering can be done by bending a low branch of the plant to the ground and covering it with soil. The branch should be wounded slightly at the point where it touches the ground to encourage root formation. The branch should be kept in a shaded area and watered regularly. It takes about 6-8 weeks for the branch to develop roots, after which it can be separated from the parent plant and transplanted.
Disease and Pest Management for Clerodendrum velutinum A.Chev.
Proper disease and pest management is necessary to maintain the health and growth of Clerodendrum velutinum A.Chev. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and ways to manage them:
Diseases
Leaf Spot Disease: This disease causes brown and black spots on the leaves, leading to defoliation. Proper sanitation methods are necessary to avoid this disease. Remove affected leaves and dispose of them properly. Apply copper-based fungicides to prevent further spread.
Powdery Mildew: This fungal disease presents as a white powdery coating on the leaves, stems, and flowers of the plant. It can lead to leaf drop and stunted growth. Avoid overhead watering and provide proper ventilation around the plant. Treat with a neem oil or sulfur-based fungicide.
Pests
Aphids: These small, soft-bodied insects suck the sap out of plants and can cause distortion and yellowing of leaves. Spray the plant with a strong stream of water to remove aphids. Neem oil, insecticidal soap, or horticultural oil can also be used to control infestations.
Spider Mites: These pests are tiny insects that cause yellowing and stippling of plant leaves. They are typically found on the underside of leaves and spin webs. Wash the plant with water to remove spider mites. Treat with insecticidal soap or horticultural oil.
Caterpillars: Caterpillars can defoliate plants quickly and cause extensive damage. Check the plant regularly for the presence of caterpillars and handpick them off. Apply Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) to the plant to manage caterpillar infestations.
By implementing and maintaining regular sanitation practices and applying organic and natural pest management methods, homeowners can reduce the likelihood of their Clerodendrum velutinum A.Chev. developing diseases and pest infestations.
