Overview
Clerodendrum schweinfurthii var. longitubum, also known as De Wild.'s glory bower, is an evergreen shrub or small tree in the family Lamiaceae, native to tropical Africa.
Appearance
The plant can grow up to 10 meters tall but often occurs at shorter heights of 4 to 5 meters. It has a bushy habit and a rounded shape. The plant produces distinctive, dark green, leathery leaves that are about 10 to 25 cm long and 5 to 12 cm wide. The leaves are arranged opposite each other on the branches. The flowers are tubular and white with a pale pink tint, arranged in large clusters of about 15 to 30 cm long. In some cultivars, the flowers have a sweet fragrance. The plant also produces a fruit-bearing capsule that contains small, black seeds.
Common Uses
Traditionally, the root bark and leaves of Clerodendrum schweinfurthii var. longitubum have been used in herbal medicine, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, to treat a variety of ailments such as fever, coughs, and gastrointestinal disorders. The plant has also been used to treat snake bites and skin infections. In addition, the leaves and flowers of the plant are used as an ornamental plant in landscaping and gardening.
Recently, there has been interest in the plant for its potential as a source of natural products with medicinal properties.
Light Requirements
The Clerodendrum schweinfurthii Gürke var. longitubum thrives in bright, filtered light. Direct sun during the hottest parts of the day can cause leaf scorching, so partial shade or dappled sunlight is ideal. In indoor settings, placing the plant near a window that faces east or west can provide sufficient light without overheating the plant.
Temperature Requirements
This plant is native to tropical regions, so it prefers warm temperatures and higher humidity. A temperature range of 70-85°F (21-29°C) is ideal, and temperatures should not drop below 60°F (15°C) for extended periods. A lack of humidity can cause the leaves to become crispy and dry, so it's important to keep the plant in a humid environment.
Soil Requirements
Clerodendrum schweinfurthii Gürke var. longitubum requires well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. A soil mixture that is high in peat moss or coconut coir is ideal. The pH level should be slightly acidic, around 5.5-6.5. To ensure good drainage, the potting mixture should also contain perlite or coarse sand. It's crucial to choose a pot with good drainage holes as the plant is susceptible to root rot if it sits in water for too long.
Cultivation
Clerodendrum schweinfurthii Gürke var. longitubum (De Wild. & T.Durand) B.Thomas, commonly known as the long-tubed clerodendrum, is a perennial plant that can be grown in outdoor gardens or indoors as a houseplant. It thrives best in tropical or subtropical climates where the temperatures range from 60°F to 85°F.
The plant prefers well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. It requires a sunny or partially shaded location that receives indirect light for at least six hours a day. Due to its climbing nature, the plant requires proper support, such as stakes or trellis, for the development of robust vines.
Watering Needs
The long-tubed clerodendrum requires regular watering during the growing season, which can be increased when the weather is hot. Water the plant when the top layer of soil feels dry to the touch. It is essential to avoid overwatering the plant as it can lead to root rot.
Fertilization
The plant requires regular fertilization to encourage healthy growth and blooming. It is recommended to apply a balanced liquid fertilizer every two weeks during the growing season, which usually starts in spring and lasts till the fall. Avoid fertilizing the plant during winters as the growth rate slows down during this time.
Pruning
Pruning is an essential aspect of caring for the long-tubed clerodendrum plant. It is recommended to prune the plant regularly to keep it in shape and promote new growth. Prune the plant after the blooming season to remove dead, diseased, or damaged leaves, stems or flowers. Additionally, to promote bushier growth, pinch back the growing tips when trimming the plant.
Propagation of Clerodendrum schweinfurthii Gürke var. longitubum
Clerodendrum schweinfurthii Gürke var. longitubum, commonly known as "Tube Clerodendrum", can be propagated through various methods.
Softwood Cuttings
During early summer, softwood stem cuttings can be taken from non-flowering shoots that have not yet hardened. These stem cuttings should be between 4-6 inches long and taken from the upper portion of the plant. Cuttings should be dipped in rooting hormone and placed in a well-draining soil mix. The cuttings should be kept in a humid environment with indirect light until new growth emerges.
Semi-hardwood Cuttings
Semi-hardwood cuttings can be taken later in the summer when new growth has started to harden. Cuttings should be between 4-6 inches long and taken from the upper portion of the plant. Dip in rooting hormone before planting in a well-draining soil mix. Semi-hardwood cuttings can be kept in a humid environment with indirect light until new growth emerges.
Air Layering
Air layering can be done in the early spring. Choose a healthy stem and remove a small portion of the bark. Dust the exposed area with rooting hormone and wrap with damp sphagnum moss. Cover with plastic wrap and tie both ends to seal the air layer in place. New roots should form within 2-3 months, at which point the rooted stem can be cut from the parent plant and potted.
Disease Management
Clerodendrum schweinfurthii Gürke var. longitubum can suffer from several diseases that can impact the plant's growth and health. The following are some of the most common diseases that affect this plant:
- Leaf spot: This fungal disease affects the leaves, causing them to develop spots.
- Anthracnose: This fungal disease causes circular or irregular-shaped lesions on the leaves and stems and can cause defoliation.
- Bacterial wilt: This bacterial disease can cause wilting, yellowing, and death of the plant.
To manage these diseases, it is crucial to maintain proper plant hygiene by removing and destroying infected plant material. Additionally, providing adequate air circulation and avoiding overhead watering can prevent the spread of fungal diseases. In severe cases, chemical fungicides can be used, but it is essential to follow the label instructions carefully.
Pest Management
Clerodendrum schweinfurthii Gürke var. longitubum is susceptible to pest infestations that can weaken the plant and cause significant damage. Below are some common pests that can affect this plant:
- Aphids: These tiny insects can cause stunted plant growth and yellowing of leaves.
- Scale insects: These pests can cause yellowing, wilting, and death of leaves and stems.
- Caterpillars: These larvae can destroy foliage, leaving plants vulnerable to other pests and diseases.
To manage pest infestations, it is crucial to monitor plants regularly for signs of damage or infestation. Promptly removing and destroying infested plant material and using natural predators such as ladybugs and lacewings can help manage some pests. In severe cases, insecticides can be used, but it is essential to follow the label instructions carefully and use only when necessary.
