Overview of Cleome viscosa L.
Cleome viscosa L. is a flowering plant belonging to the family Capparaceae. This herbaceous annual plant is native to South America and is found in countries like Brazil, Argentina, Peru, and Paraguay. It is commonly known by names such as tickweed, sticky cleome, Asian spider flower, and yellow spider flower.
Appearance of Cleome viscosa L.
The plant typically grows up to 60cm in height and has a spread of 30-45cm. The leaves are pinnately lobed and range from 3-10cm in length. The plant produces spikes of small, bright yellow flowers that bloom in the summer and autumn months. It is characterized by its sticky feel due to the presence of glandular hairs on the stem, leaves, and seeds.
Uses of Cleome viscosa L.
The plant has been widely used in traditional medicine to treat various illnesses such as fever, cough, and stomach disorders. The crushed leaves have been used to treat skin ailments such as eczema and sores. The plant's seeds have also been used as a source of oil, which is rich in unsaturated fatty acids and has been used to make soap and lubricants. In addition to its medicinal uses, the plant is also grown as an ornamental plant in gardens and landscaping due to its attractive appearance.
Light Requirements
Cleome viscosa L. requires full sunlight for optimal growth and development. It is a heat-tolerant plant that can withstand high temperatures and prolonged exposure to direct sunlight. Partial shade can also be tolerated, but it may result in reduced flowering.
Temperature Requirements
This plant is typically found in warm and tropical regions, and therefore, it requires warm temperatures to grow and thrive. The optimal temperature range for Cleome viscosa L. is between 20°C to 30°C. Temperatures cooler than 15°C can cause the plant to become stunted, while temperatures above 35°C may lead to heat stress and decreased growth.
Soil Requirements
Cleome viscosa L. prefers well-draining soils that are rich in organic matter and nutrients. The plant can thrive in a range of soil types, from sandy loams to heavy clays, but it must be well-draining to prevent the roots from becoming waterlogged and susceptible to rot. A soil pH of 5.5 to 7.5 is considered suitable for this plant.
During the early stages of growth, the plant requires consistent soil moisture to establish a healthy root system. However, once established, it can withstand short periods of drought. Overwatering can be detrimental to the plant's growth and may result in root rot or fungal diseases.
Cultivation of Cleome viscosa L.
Cleome viscosa L. is a hardy plant that can be grown in various types of soils as long as it is well-drained. The plant is native to North America and thrives in warm weather conditions. Cleome viscosa seeds can be sown directly into the soil during the early spring when the temperatures begin to rise. The seeds should be sown at a depth of about 1/4 inches, and the soil should be moistened regularly until the seedlings emerge.
Watering Needs of Cleome viscosa L.
Cleome viscosa L. requires regular watering to thrive. The plant should be watered deeply once a week during the growing season. It is essential to avoid over-watering the plant to prevent root rot. The frequency of watering should be reduced during the winter months when the plant goes into a state of dormancy.
Fertilization of Cleome viscosa L.
Cleome viscosa L. requires a well-balanced fertilizer to promote healthy growth and flowering. The plant should be fertilized every four to six weeks with a slow-release fertilizer during the growing season. It is essential to follow the manufacturer's instructions for the appropriate dosage. You can choose an organic fertilizer for best results.
Pruning of Cleome viscosa L.
Cleome viscosa L. does not require extensive pruning. However, it is essential to remove the dead or diseased parts of the plant regularly. The plant can also be pruned to encourage bushier growth and promote flower production. You should pinch back the tips of the stems to a new growth node to promote branching and encourage more flowers.
Propagation of Cleome viscosa L.
There are several ways to propagate Cleome viscosa L., a plant that is commonly known as tickweed due to the stickiness of its leaves.
Seed Propagation
The most common method of propagation for this plant is by using seeds. The seeds can be sown directly into the soil in fall or spring and will typically germinate within two to three weeks.
It is recommended to use well-draining soil and to lightly cover the seeds with soil or sand to a depth of about 1/8 inch. Keep the soil consistently moist until the seedlings emerge.
Once the seedlings have developed their second set of true leaves, they can be transplanted into individual pots or containers until they are large enough to be planted outside.
Cutting Propagation
Another way to propagate Cleome viscosa L. is through cuttings. This method is typically used when the plant is already established and a grower wants to produce duplicates of it quickly.
To take a cutting, choose a healthy stem and cut it at a 45-degree angle just below a node. Remove any leaves from the stem except for the top few.
Place the cutting in a well-draining potting mix and keep it moist until roots begin to form. This typically takes two to three weeks.
Once the cutting has developed a root system, it can be transplanted into a larger pot or directly into the soil outside.
Division Propagation
The final method of propagation for Cleome viscosa L. is through division. This method is typically used for mature plants that have become too large for their current location.
To divide the plant, gently remove it from the soil and separate the root system into smaller sections. Each section should have its own stem and root system.
Once the sections have been separated, plant them in their new location and water them well.
It's important to note that Cleome viscosa L. can be invasive in some areas, so propagation should be done with care and consideration for the surrounding environment.
Disease Management for Cleome viscosa L.
Cleome viscosa L. is a hardy plant that is resistant to many diseases. However, some diseases can cause damage to the plant, especially when it is stressed or growing in unfavorable conditions. Below are some common diseases affecting Cleome viscosa L. and how to manage them:
- Leaf spots: This is a disease caused by fungi that can cause small to large spots on the leaves. To manage this disease, infected leaves should be collected and discarded. Also, affected plants should be watered at the base to avoid splashing water on leaves. Fungicides containing copper or sulfur can help prevent the disease.
- Mildew: Mildew is a fungal disease that can cause a white, powdery coating on the leaves. To manage it, infected foliage should be removed and discarded. Also, the plant should be watered at the base to avoid splashing water on the leaves. Fungicides containing neem oil or potassium bicarbonate can be used to prevent the disease.
Pest Management for Cleome viscosa L.
Cleome viscosa L. is also susceptible to pest attacks. Below are some common pests that can affect the plant and how to manage them:
- Whiteflies: Whiteflies are tiny, sap-sucking insects that can cause damage to the leaves. To manage them, sticky traps should be used to catch the adults, and insecticidal soap can be sprayed on the plant to control the juveniles.
- Aphids: Aphids are small, green or black insects that can suck the sap out of leaves, causing them to curl and yellow. To manage them, the plant can be sprayed with a strong stream of water to dislodge them. Insecticidal soap or neem oil can also help control them.
