Introduction
Cleome speciosa Kunth is a flowering plant that belongs to the Capparaceae family. It is commonly known as the pink spider flower, cherry queen or rose queen.
Origin
The plant is indigenous to South America, specifically found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay. It thrives in subtropical and tropical regions and can be found in grasslands, savannas, and disturbed areas.
Appearance
Cleome speciosa Kunth is an erect annual plant that grows up to 60 cm tall. It has a woody base, and light green, hairy, and spiny stem. The leaves are compound with 3-5 leaflets and serrated edges. The flowers are pink or white, and they have long protruding stamens that resemble spider legs. The plant blooms from spring to frost, and its flowers have a sweet fragrance.
Uses
The Cleome speciosa Kunth plant is used for ornamental purposes due to its attractive flowers. It adds a touch of color to gardens and can be used as a border plant. The flowers can also be cut and used for floral arrangements. In South American traditional medicine, the plant is used to treat respiratory and digestive problems.
Cultivation
Cleome speciosa Kunth grows well in full sun but can also thrive in partial shade. It prefers well-drained soil and requires regular watering. It is easy to grow from seeds, and it self-seeds readily. The plant attracts pollinators such as butterflies and bees.
Light Requirements
Cleome speciosa Kunth thrives well in full sunlight, which guarantees its optimal growth and development. However, the plant is relatively adaptable to varying light levels and can tolerate partial shade as well. This adaptability trait makes it a versatile plant that can be grown in a wide range of light conditions.
Soil Requirements
The plant prefers loose, well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter, with a pH ranging between 6.0 and 7.5. The soil should also be able to retain moistness without getting waterlogged. Sandy soils that have low nutrient content should be amended with organic matter such as compost or well-rotted manure. This aids in water retention, nutrient supply, and enhances soil structure, which is essential for optimal growth of Cleome speciosa Kunth.
Temperature Requirements
Cleome speciosa Kunth grows well in warm climates, with an optimal temperature range of 21°C to 27°C (70°F to 80°F). The plant requires a frost-free period of at least ten weeks to grow and produce flowers. Temperatures above 32°C (90°F) may cause heat stress, resulting in stunted growth, poor flowering, and parched leaves. During winter, the plant goes dormant if temperatures drop below 7°C (45°F).
Cultivation methods
Cleome speciosa Kunth, also known as Rocky Mountain Bee Plant, is an annual flowering plant that is easy to cultivate. It grows best in full sun to partial shade and in well-drained soil.
The plant can be directly sown outside after the last frost or can be started indoors 4-6 weeks before the last frost. To help with germination, scarify the seeds or soak them overnight.
When transplantation is required, wait until the plant is established and the weather is warm. Transplant the plant to a location with sufficient space and soil that has been appropriately prepared.
Watering needs
Cleome speciosa Kunth prefers well-drained soil and moderate watering. It is vital to keep the soil moist, especially during the initial growth period. However, be careful not to overwater the plant to avoid root rot and other diseases. Water deeply but less often during dry spells.
Mulching can help retain moisture levels in the soil and reduce the frequency of watering.
Fertilization
To promote growth and a healthy plant, fertilize Cleome speciosa Kunth every 4-6 weeks. Use a balanced fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 10-10-10 or 20-20-20.
Avoid over-fertilization, which can lead to excessive foliage and reduced blooming. It is essential to follow the manufacturer's recommendations and apply the fertilizer only to the soil.
Pruning
Cleome speciosa Kunth does not require pruning for improved growth or more blooming. However, you can deadhead the plant to maintain its appearance and prolong the flowering season.
To deadhead, remove spent flowers, taking them back to just above a leaf. This encourages the plant to produce more flowers and maintain its shape. Regular deadheading can also help prevent self-seeding.
It is advisable to wear gloves while handling Cleome speciosa Kunth, as it has thorns that can prick and cause skin irritation.
Propagation of Cleome speciosa Kunth
Cleome speciosa Kunth, commonly known as spider flower or pink spider flower, is a beautiful annual flowering plant native to South America. The plant is popular for its vibrant pink flowers and attractive foliage.
Propagation Methods
The propagation of Cleome speciosa Kunth can be done through different methods including:
Seeds
Seeds are the most common method used to propagate Cleome speciosa Kunth. The plant produces numerous small seeds that can be collected and sown in spring or early summer when the soil is warm. Before sowing, the seeds must be scarified or soaked in warm water for several hours to breakdown the seed coat, which can enable more successful germination. Sow seeds in well-drained soil, and cover with a light layer of soil(1/4 inch deep). Keep the soil moist, and within 10-20 days, seedlings should emerge.
Stem Cuttings
Cleome speciosa Kunth can also be propagated through stem cuttings. Cut a stem from a mature plant before it goes to seed. Use a sharp, clean pair of shears, and make a cut below a node. Remove the lower leaves, dip the base of the cutting in rooting hormone, and place the stem in soil mix. Make sure the soil stays moist. Roots should develop within two to three weeks.
Division
The process involves dividing the well-established root ball into two or more sections and planting them in containers with high-quality soil mix. Ensure that each section has a healthy root system. Keep the soil moist and protect the newly planted sections from direct sunlight for the initial few days, and place them in the shade.
By following these simple methods, propagating Cleome speciosa Kunth can be an excellent way to propagate this beautiful plant.
Disease Management for Cleome speciosa Kunth
Cleome speciosa Kunth is a hardy plant but can be affected by several diseases, including:
- Leaf spot: Caused by fungal pathogens, leaf spots appear as brown or black spots on leaves, leading to leaf yellowing and defoliation. Infected leaves should be removed and destroyed, and the use of fungicides can control severe infections.
- Powdery mildew: A fungal disease that appears as a white powdery coating on leaves and stems. Removing infected leaves and increasing air circulation can help prevent its spread, and the use of fungicides can control severe infections.
- Anthracnose: Another fungal disease that causes yellowing, wilting, and ultimately, death of the plant. Removal of infected plant parts and avoiding overhead watering can prevent the spread of this disease.
It is crucial to maintain proper plant hygiene and avoid overcrowding to prevent these diseases from spreading.
Pest Management for Cleome speciosa Kunth
Several pests can attack Cleome speciosa Kunth, including:
- Aphids: These tiny insects suck the plant's sap, causing stunted growth and yellowing of leaves. Regularly inspecting the plant and removing any colonies found can control their spread, and the use of insecticidal soap or neem oil can control severe infestations.
- Spider mites: These pests thrive in hot and dry conditions and cause yellowing of leaves and webbing on plant parts. Regularly washing the plant with water and the use of insecticidal soap can control their spread.
- Caterpillars: They feed on plant parts, causing skeletonization and defoliation. Handpicking and destroying the caterpillars can control their spread, and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) can be used to control severe infestations.
Regular inspection and proper plant care can prevent pest infestations. Additionally, avoiding the use of broad-spectrum pesticides that kill beneficial insects can help maintain a natural pest control system.
