Cleome Paxii (schinz) Gilg & Gilg-ben.

Overview

Cleome paxii (Schinz) Gilg & Gilg-Ben is a rare species of the genus Cleome that belongs to the famiy Cleomaceae. This flowering plant is endemic to the highlands of Tanzania in East Africa.

Common Names

Cleome paxii is commonly known as Pax's spider flower in reference to its web-like flowers and its discoverer, E. Pax. It is also known as Pax's yellow cleome or Pax's yellow spider flower.

Description

Cleome paxii is a biennial or perennial herb, growing up to 1.5 meters tall. Its leaves are compound and digitate, with five to seven leaflets. Each leaflet is lanceolate to ovate in shape, measuring up to 10 cm long and 3 cm wide. The leaves are light-green in color and have a distinct odor when crushed.

The flowering stems emerge from the axils of the leaves, bearing clusters of yellow flowers. Each flower has four petals that are fused at the base, forming a cylindrical tube, which opens out into four lobes. The lobes are curved backwards, giving the flower a spider-like appearance. The flowers are around 2 cm long and 1 cm wide.

The fruit of Cleome paxii is a long, slender capsule that measures up to 10 cm in length. The seeds are small, brown, and covered in tiny hairs.

Uses

Cleome paxii has traditionally been used as a medicinal plant in Tanzania. The plant contains compounds that have been shown to have antimicrobial and anticancer properties. The leaves are also used as a vegetable in some areas.

Cleome paxii is grown as an ornamental plant in gardens and parks due to its attractive spider-like flowers. It is popular among flower enthusiasts who seek unique and rare flowering plants.

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Light Requirements

Cleome paxii grows best in full sunlight but can tolerate some shade as well. It can tolerate direct sunlight up to 12 hours daily, although it may require some shade during particularly hot summer months.

Temperature Requirements

The plant prefers moderate temperatures of around 20 - 25 degrees Celsius. It may tolerate extreme temperatures ranging from 15 - 30 degrees Celsius, but growth may become stunted. During the colder months, it is best to keep the plant inside at a temperature of approximately 18 - 20 degrees Celsius to prevent damage from frost.

Soil Requirements

Cleome paxii grows best in well-draining sandy soils that are rich in organic matter. A slightly acidic to neutral soil pH of 6.0 - 7.5 is ideal for optimum growth. The plant is adaptable to different soil types but, the soil must be well drained to avoid waterlogging that can lead to root rot.

Cultivation of Cleome paxii

Cleome paxii (Schinz) Gilg & Gilg-Ben., commonly referred to as the African spider flower, is a charming and easy-to-grow plant that will add interest to your garden all year round. Here are a few simple cultivation methods to help you get started:

• Planting: Cleome paxii flourishes in well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter. They require full sunlight to grow their best, so choose a sunny spot in your garden for planting.
• Propagation: Cleome paxii can be propagated from seed. The best time to sow the seeds is in early spring for summer blooms. Sow the seeds in moist soil and place them in a warm, sunny spot.
• Spacing: Space the plants around 18-24 inches apart to give them room to spread out.
• Mulching: Mulching around the plants can help to retain moisture and keep the soil cool. This is particularly important in hot climates.

Watering Needs of Cleome paxii

Cleome paxii has moderate water requirements. The plants thrive when the soil is kept consistently moist, but not waterlogged. Here are a few watering tips:

• Water the plants deeply once or twice a week.
• Avoid overwatering, as this can cause root rot.
• Check the soil moisture regularly by sticking your finger into the soil. If the soil feels dry, then it's time to water.

Fertilization of Cleome paxii

Cleome paxii benefits from regular fertilization to ensure healthy growth and abundant blooms. Here are a few tips on fertilizing:

• Use a balanced, slow-release fertilizer when planting the seeds or young plants.
• Apply water-soluble fertilizer every four to six weeks during the growing season to encourage blooming.
• Avoid applying too much fertilizer, as this can lead to excessive foliage growth at the expense of blooms.

Pruning of Cleome paxii

Pruning Cleome paxii is important to maintain a balanced, attractive shape and encourage more blooms. Here are a few tips:

• Pinch back the tips of young plants to encourage branching and fuller growth.
• Remove any dead or damaged leaves and stems to keep the plant healthy.
• Deadhead spent flowers regularly to encourage more blooming.

Propagation of Cleome paxii

Cleome paxii (Schinz) Gilg & Gilg-Ben., commonly known as the bushveld spider flower, is a beautiful and hardy plant species that can be propagated using various methods.

Propagation Methods

Seed Propagation: The most common method of propagating C. paxii is through seeds. The seeds can be collected from the plant once they have matured and are ready to be harvested. Once harvested, the seeds should be dried and stored in a cool, dry place until they are ready to be planted. Seeds can be sown directly into the ground or in seed trays filled with a well-draining potting mix. They should be watered regularly and kept in a warm, sunny location until they germinate, which usually takes between 7 and 14 days.

Division: C. paxii can also be propagated through division. This method involves separating the parent plant into smaller sections, each with its own root system and shoots. This should be done during the early spring or fall while the plant is dormant. When dividing the plant, make sure to use a sharp, clean knife to avoid damaging the roots. Once divided, each new plant should be replanted in a well-draining potting mix and watered thoroughly.

Cuttings: Propagating C. paxii using cuttings is more difficult than other methods but can still be successful. Cuttings should be taken from the parent plant during the spring or summer, when the plant is in its active growing phase. The cuttings should be approximately 2-4 inches long and taken from the soft, young growth. Remove the lower leaves from the cutting and dip the cut end in rooting hormone. Place the cuttings in a well-draining potting mix and water thoroughly. Cover the pot with a plastic bag to maintain high humidity and keep it in a warm, bright location until roots develop, which usually takes around 3-4 weeks.

C. paxii is a rewarding and relatively easy plant to propagate, and with a bit of patience and care, you can produce many beautiful plants to adorn your garden or home.

Disease Management

Cleome paxii is susceptible to various fungal and bacterial diseases that can affect the health and growth of the plant. Proper cultural and preventive measures can help to manage these diseases.

Leaf Spot

Leaf spot is a fungal disease that affects the leaves of Cleome paxii. It can cause yellowing of leaves, brown or black spots, and defoliation. To manage leaf spot, remove infected leaves and dispose of them properly. Avoid overhead watering and provide good air circulation to minimize moisture on the leaves.

Botrytis Blight

Botrytis blight is a fungal disease that affects the flowers, stems, and leaves of Cleome paxii. It can cause wilting, brown spots, and gray mold on the plant. To manage botrytis blight, remove infected parts of the plant and dispose of them properly. Provide good air circulation, avoid overcrowding, and water in the morning to allow the plant to dry during the day.

Bacterial Wilt

Bacterial wilt is a bacterial disease that affects many plants, including Cleome paxii. It can cause wilting, yellowing of leaves, and eventually death of the plant. To manage bacterial wilt, remove infected plants and do not replant in the same area for several years. Avoid overwatering and provide good drainage.

Pest Management

Cleome paxii is relatively resistant to pests, but there are a few to watch out for. Early detection and management are key to keeping the plant healthy.

Aphids

Aphids are small, soft-bodied insects that can suck the sap from the leaves and stems of Cleome paxii. They can cause wilting, yellowing, and stunted growth. To manage aphids, spray the plant with a strong jet of water to dislodge them or apply insecticidal soap or neem oil.

Cutworms

Cutworms are caterpillars that can chew through the stems of young Cleome paxii plants. They can cause wilting and death of the plant. To manage cutworms, handpick them and dispose of them or apply a biological control, such as Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt).

Spider Mites

Spider mites are tiny pests that can cause yellow or stippled leaves on Cleome paxii. They can also produce webbing on the plant. To manage spider mites, spray the plant with a strong jet of water to dislodge them or apply insecticidal soap or neem oil.