Origin
Cleome macrophylla (Klotzsch) Briq. var. macrophylla is a species of flowering plant in the Cleome genus and is native to Central America, specifically Mexico and Guatemala.
Common Names
Cleome macrophylla (Klotzsch) Briq. var. macrophylla is commonly known as the large-leaved spiderflower or pink spiderflower.
Appearance
The large-leaved spiderflower is an annual herb that can grow up to 1.5m in height. It features large, palmately compound leaves that have 5-7 leaflets and a serrated margin. The leaves are arranged alternately along the stem, and can measure up to 30cm in diameter. The pink flowers are produced in clusters at the end of branches and bloom during the summer months. The slender petals are 2-3 cm long, and give the flowers a spider-like appearance, hence the name. The seeds are small and brown, and are produced in elongated capsules that measure up to 15cm long.
Uses
The large-leaved spiderflower is primarily grown as an ornamental plant in gardens, borders, and containers. The attractive flowers and large foliage make it a popular choice for adding color and texture to landscapes. The plant is also used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of ailments, including inflammation and fever. Additionally, the seeds of the plant are sometimes used as a food source.
Growth Conditions of Cleome macrophylla (Klotzsch) Briq. var. macrophylla
Light Requirements: Cleome macrophylla var. macrophylla prefers full sun to partial shade. It requires at least 6 hours of sunlight every day for healthy growth and development. Inadequate light can result in spindly plants with weak stems and reduced flowering capacity.
Temperature Requirements: Cleome macrophylla var. macrophylla is an annual plant that thrives in warm temperatures. It grows best in temperatures ranging from 18 to 24°C (64 to 75°F), and cannot tolerate frost. Temperatures above 30°C (86°F) can cause heat stress and damage the plant.
Soil Requirements: Cleome macrophylla var. macrophylla prefers well-draining, loamy soil with a pH range of 5.5 to 7.5. The soil should be rich in organic matter and nutrients. The plant can tolerate slightly acidic to slightly alkaline soils. Avoid clayey soil types that can retain moisture and cause root rot.
Cultivation methods for Cleome macrophylla
Cleome macrophylla is a hardy plant that thrives well in full sunlight. It can grow in various soil types, including sandy, loamy, and clay soils, although it prefers well-drained soil. The plant is perfect for garden beds, borders, and containers.
Watering needs for Cleome macrophylla
Cleome macrophylla requires regular watering, especially during periods of drought. However, you should be careful not to overwater the plant as it can lead to root rot. Allow the soil to dry slightly between watering sessions, and provide less water during rainy periods.
Fertilization of Cleome macrophylla
C. macrophylla benefits from regular fertilization, especially during the growing season. Provide high-nitrogen fertilizer every four weeks to promote vegetative growth. During the flowering stage, use a balanced fertilizer, which increases flower production and development.
Pruning of Cleome macrophylla
Pruning helps keep Cleome macrophylla vigorous and productive. Remove dead, damaged, and diseased stems as soon as you notice them. Pinch back the tip of the stem when the plant is six inches tall to promote branching and prevent leggy growth. Deadhead the spent flowers regularly to encourage the production of fresh flowers.
Propagation of Cleome macrophylla var. macrophylla
Cleome macrophylla var. macrophylla can be propagated through seed germination and stem cuttings. These methods have been proven successful in the propagation of this plant species.
Seed Germination
Seed germination of Cleome macrophylla var. macrophylla is relatively easy. The seeds can be sown directly into the soil in rows, or in individual containers. The ideal time for sowing the seeds is in the spring, after the danger of frost has passed. The seeds should be scattered on top of the soil and lightly pressed into the soil, without covering them. The soil should be kept moist, but not waterlogged. Germination should occur within two to three weeks.
Stem Cuttings
Stem cuttings can also be used for propagating Cleome macrophylla var. macrophylla. The cuttings should be taken during the spring or summer from healthy, mature plants. The cuttings should be approximately 3-4 inches long and taken from the tip of the stem. The leaves should be removed from the lower half of the cutting and the stem should be dipped into rooting hormone powder. The cutting should be placed into a pot with a mix of soil and sand, kept moist, and exposed to bright light. The cutting should start developing roots within 2-3 weeks.
Disease Management
Several diseases can affect Cleome macrophylla, including:
- Downy mildew: This disease causes yellowing and distortion of the leaves, stunted growth, and a white, powdery growth on the undersides of the leaves. To prevent this disease, ensure proper spacing of the plants to facilitate good air circulation, and avoid overhead watering. Fungicides can also be used to control the disease.
- Powdery mildew: Powdery mildew causes a white, powdery coating on the leaves, stems, and flowers. Control measures include planting tolerant varieties, pruning infected parts of the plant, avoiding overhead watering, and using fungicides when necessary.
- Bacterial leaf spot: This disease may cause brown spots on leaves and stems, and in severe cases, the plant can defoliate. Control measures include the removal of infected plant parts, the avoidance of overhead watering and the use of copper fungicides.
Pest Management
Cleome macrophylla is prone to attack by various pests, including:
- Aphids: These small, soft-bodied insects suck sap from the plant, causing leaves to become yellow and stunted. Use insecticidal soaps, neem oil, or pyrethrin sprays to control aphids.
- Spider mites: Infested plants can have bronzed or yellow spots on the leaves. Control spider mites by ensuring the plant is regularly moistened, and use insecticidal soaps, neem oil, or pyrethrin sprays.
- Caterpillars: Caterpillars can defoliate the plant, and their droppings attract ants. Physical removal, companion planting, and the use of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are common control mechanisms.
