Plant Description:
Cleome johnstonii, also known as Johnston's spiderflower, is a species of flowering plant in the Capparaceae family. The plant is a perennial herb that grows up to 1m in height. The stems of the plant are hairy and a pale yellow-green colour. The leaves are compound and arranged in a spiralling pattern with up to 13 leaflets in each leaf. The flowers are pink with a white centre and are arranged in large clusters at the end of the stems.
Plant Origin and Range:
Cleome johnstonii is native to the highlands of Angola, a country in southwestern Africa.
The plant is commonly found growing in rocky areas and grasslands in altitudes ranging from 1,500m to 2,700m above sea level.
Common Names:
Johnston's spiderflower is the common name given to Cleome johnstonii, which is named after William Johnston, a Scottish botanist who lived in Angola in the early 1900s. In Angola, the plant is also known as Marrundu-dos-Galhos (meaning 'star of the branches' in Portuguese) and Omukhali in the local language ('omuhola' means 'spider').
Uses:
Traditionally, the local people in Angola have used Cleome johnstonii for medicinal purposes. The leaves of the plant are dried and made into a tea to treat respiratory problems, including bronchitis and asthma. The leaves are also applied topically to treat skin problems such as rashes and wounds.
The plant has also been used in landscaping for its attractive pink flowers, and it is sometimes grown as an ornamental plant in gardens and parks in suitable climates.
Growth Conditions of Cleome johnstonii Exell & Mendonça
Cleome johnstonii Exell & Mendonça is a rare plant species that requires specific growth conditions to thrive. It is native to Angola and is known for its beautiful white flowers and long thin stems.
Light Requirements
Like most plants, Cleome johnstonii Exell & Mendonça requires sufficient light for growth. It grows best in bright but indirect sunlight. Direct sunlight can scorch its leaves, so it is essential to provide partial shade during the hottest part of the day. If grown indoors, place the plant near a bright window that receives indirect sunlight.
Temperature Requirements
Cleome johnstonii Exell & Mendonça requires consistent warm temperatures to thrive. It grows best in temperatures ranging from 20-25 °C (68-77 °F). It is crucial to keep the plant in a location with a stable temperature, avoiding sudden temperature fluctuations.
Soil Requirements
The soil plays a significant role in the growth and development of Cleome johnstonii Exell & Mendonça. It thrives in well-draining soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5. The soil must be rich in nutrients, hence it is advised to add some compost or organic matter to enhance the soil quality. Ensure the soil is moist, but not waterlogged. Overwatering can cause the roots to rot, leading to the death of the plant.
Fertilizer Requirements
Cleome johnstonii Exell & Mendonça requires regular fertilization to maintain its growth and vitality. Fertilize the plant with a balanced fertilizer, which contains equal amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Adding fertilizers in spring and summer months will promote healthy growth and flowering. However, avoid over-fertilizing the plant, as this can lead to chemical burns, which can be detrimental to its growth. More importantly, follow the manufacturer's instructions for best results.
Water Requirements
Proper watering is necessary for the healthy growth of Cleome johnstonii Exell & Mendonça. Water the plant regularly, ensuring that the soil is evenly moist. However, ensure that the plant is not sitting in water, as this can lead to root rot. It is essential to avoid over-watering and underwatering the plant as it can cause damage and lead to the death of the plant.
Cultivation methods
Cleome johnstonii Exell & Mendonça, commonly known as Spider Cleome, is a beautiful and unique plant that is relatively easy to cultivate. The ideal location for this plant is in well-drained, sandy soil that is located in full sun. Spider Cleome can tolerate a range of soil types but prefers acidic to neutral soils with a pH level of 5.5-7.0.
This plant requires a warm climate to thrive, and therefore, it is best to plant it in late spring when all danger of frost has passed. It can self-seed, so it’s important to deadhead the blooms to prevent it from spreading excessively.
Watering needs
Spider Cleome requires consistent moisture levels to establish and grow successfully. However, avoid overwatering, as it can cause root rot. A good rule of thumb is to water the plant once a week or when the top inch of soil is dry.
Fertilization
Spider Cleome doesn't require excess fertilization, but adding a slow-release balanced fertilizer during the spring can help the plant establish itself. Alternatively, you can add compost to the soil before planting the Spider Cleome. However, avoid adding too much nitrogen as it can prevent blooming and instead promote foliage growth.
Pruning
In general, Spider Cleome does not require regular pruning, but it can be beneficial to remove dead or damaged leaves and stems. This will promote healthy growth and keep the plant looking tidy. Deadheading the spent blooms will help encourage new blooms and prevent the plant from self-seeding uncontrollably.
Propagation of Cleome johnstonii Exell & Mendonça
Cleome johnstonii Exell & Mendonça is a plant species that belongs to the family Capparaceae. This species is endemic to Angola, and it is rare in the wild. It is a perennial plant that can grow up to 1 meter in height. The flowers are pink, and they bloom from May to June.
Seed Propagation
The most common propagation method for Cleome johnstonii Exell & Mendonça is through seeds. The seeds are small and black, and they can be harvested from the ripe seed pods. The best time to harvest the seeds is when the pods turn brown and start to split open.
The seeds can be sown directly into the soil or started in trays and transplanted later. The ideal temperature for seed germination is between 20°C and 25°C. Make sure to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged, as excess water can cause the seeds to rot.
Cutting Propagation
Cleome johnstonii Exell & Mendonça can also be propagated through cuttings. Take stem cuttings in the spring or summer, when the plant is actively growing. Cut a stem that is about 10-15 cm long, and remove the leaves from the bottom half of the stem.
Dip the cut end of the stem in rooting hormone and plant it in a pot filled with moist sand or a well-draining soil mix. Keep the cutting in a warm, humid place, and mist it regularly to keep the soil moist and to prevent wilting. Roots should start to form in 2-3 weeks.
Disease and Pest Management for Cleome johnstonii Exell & Mendonça
Cleome johnstonii Exell & Mendonça is a beautiful and rare plant but is susceptible to various diseases and pests. Managing the disease and pests is very important to keep the plant healthy and maintain its beauty. Here are the common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and ways to manage them:
Diseases
1. Powdery Mildew: Powdery mildew is a common disease that affects the leaves of the plant. The leaves will develop white, powdery spots that can cause them to curl and die. To prevent powdery mildew, avoid overhead watering and provide proper ventilation. Applying a fungicide can also help manage powdery mildew.
2. Leaf Spot: Leaf spot is another common disease that affects the leaves of the plant. The leaves will develop black spots that can cause them to die. To prevent leaf spot, avoid overhead watering, provide proper ventilation, and remove any infected leaves immediately. Applying a fungicide can also help manage leaf spot.
Pests
1. Aphids: Aphids are tiny insects that suck the sap from the plant, causing the leaves to turn yellow and wilt. To prevent aphids, you can spray the plant with water to knock them off, introduce natural predators such as ladybugs, or apply an insecticidal soap.
2. Spider Mites: Spider mites are another common pest that can affect the plant. They are very tiny and can be hard to see. They feed on the plant's sap, causing the leaves to turn yellow, dry out, and fall off. To prevent spider mites, keep the plant well-watered and ensure proper ventilation. You can also apply an insecticidal soap or neem oil to manage spider mites.
Managing diseases and pests is crucial for keeping Cleome johnstonii Exell & Mendonça healthy and beautiful. With the right care and attention, the plant can thrive and bring joy to any garden or landscape.
