Overview
Cleome ciliata Schumach. & Thonn. is a flowering plant species belonging to the Cleomaceae family. It is commonly known as "Spider Flower" due to its long, thin petals resembling a spider's legs.
Origin
Cleome ciliata is native to Africa and can be found across the continent in countries such as Sudan, Kenya, and Tanzania.
Common Uses
The plant is used for medicinal purposes such as treating malaria, stomach pains, and snakebites. In some African countries, the leaves are consumed as a vegetable and are a good source of protein.
General Appearance
Cleome ciliata is an annual herb that can grow up to 1 meter in height. The plant has purple, pink, or white flowers that bloom from June to October. The leaves are alternate, palmately lobed, and have a toothed margin. The fruit is a long, narrow capsule that contains small seeds.
Light Requirements
The Cleome ciliata Schumach. & Thonn. plant requires full sun to partial shade. It thrives in bright light conditions, but it can also tolerate some shade. In areas with extremely high temperatures, some shade during the hottest part of the day can help to prevent foliage from wilting.
Temperature Requirements
Temperature is an essential factor for the growth and development of this plant. It prefers a warm environment and cannot tolerate temperatures below freezing. Generally, the plant thrives in temperatures between 20°C to 35°C and requires a minimum temperature of 15°C to grow. Any temperature above or below these ranges could adversely affect the plant's growth.
Soil Requirements
Cleome ciliata Schumach. & Thonn. plant grows well in fertile, well-drained soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5. It can tolerate a wide range of soil textures, such as sandy, loamy, or clay soil, but prefers loamy soil. The soil should be consistently moist but not waterlogged. Adding organic matter to the soil, such as compost or manure, can help improve its water-holding capacity and nutrient content.
Cultivation methods for Cleome ciliata Schumach. & Thonn.
Cleome ciliata Schumach. & Thonn. is a hardy plant that can grow in a variety of conditions. It is best to grow it in well-draining soil, which is nutrient-rich and has a neutral pH. The plant should be kept away from frost and strong winds, as these can damage the leaves and flowers.
When planting the Cleome ciliata Schumach. & Thonn., it is important to space it evenly, allowing for proper growth and development. Planting should be done during the cooler months of the year, usually in spring or fall.
Watering needs for Cleome ciliata Schumach. & Thonn.
Cleome ciliata Schumach. & Thonn. requires regular watering, especially during hot and dry weather. It is important to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged, as this can lead to root rot and other issues.
When watering the plant, it is best to do so in the morning or early evening, as this allows for proper absorption and prevents excess moisture from lingering on the foliage. The plant should be watered deeply, allowing the water to penetrate the root system.
Fertilization for Cleome ciliata Schumach. & Thonn.
Cleome ciliata Schumach. & Thonn. benefits from regular fertilization, which helps to ensure healthy growth and vibrant blooms. A balanced fertilizer, containing equal amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, can be applied every four to six weeks during the growing season.
Organic fertilizers, such as compost or manure, can also be used to provide the necessary nutrients. It is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully when applying fertilizer, as over-fertilization can harm the plant.
Pruning for Cleome ciliata Schumach. & Thonn.
Pruning Cleome ciliata Schumach. & Thonn. can help to promote bushier growth and increase flower production. Deadheading, or removing spent blossoms, can also encourage the plant to continue blooming throughout the growing season.
Pruning should be done in early spring or late fall, using sharp, clean gardening shears. The plant should be trimmed back by one-third to one-half of its height, depending on the desired shape and size.
Propagation of Cleome ciliata Schumach. & Thonn.
Cleome ciliata Schumach. & Thonn., commonly known as hairy spider flower, is a wildflower that can be propagated using various methods including seeds, cuttings, and division.
Propagating using Seeds
The easiest and most common way of propagating Cleome ciliata Schumach. & Thonn. is by seeds. Collect mature seedpods from the plant when they turn brown and become dry. Remove the seeds from the pods, clean them, and store in a cool and dry place. The seed germination period is usually around two weeks. Soak the seeds overnight before planting, and plant them in a well-draining soil mix, covering them with a light layer of soil. Keep the soil moist but not waterlogged, and place the container in an area where it receives bright but indirect sunlight.
Propagating using Cuttings
Cuttings are another effective method of propagating Cleome ciliata Schumach. & Thonn. Take stem cuttings from the parent plant during the growing season, preferably in spring or early summer. The cuttings should be about 4-6 inches long and should have a few leaves. Dip the cut ends in rooting hormone powder and plant them in a well-draining soil mix. Use a clear plastic bag to cover the container and retain moisture. Place the container in a warm and bright location but away from direct sunlight. The roots should start to emerge after about four weeks.
Propagating using Division
The final method of propagating Cleome ciliata Schumach. & Thonn. is through division. This method is recommended if you want to propagate the plant while at the same time maintaining the size of the parent plant. Do this by separating small plant clumps from the parent plant using a sharp and sterile knife or garden scissors. Make sure each clump has roots and stems attached. Plant the separated clumps in new containers or in the desired location in the garden. Water the new plants regularly but do not overwater them.
Disease and Pest Management for Cleome ciliata Schumach. & Thonn.
Cleome ciliata Schumach. & Thonn., also known as spider flower, is a hardy plant that is relatively resistant to diseases and pests. However, there are still a few pests and diseases that may affect this plant. It is important to manage these issues to maintain the plant's health and vigor.
Common Pests
Spider mites are a common pest that may attack Cleome ciliata. These tiny pests can be identified by their webbing and small size. They usually appear on the undersides of leaves and can cause yellowing and curling of the foliage. To manage spider mites, spray the plant with a forceful stream of water to knock them off the leaves. In severe cases, insecticidal soap or neem oil can be used.
Whiteflies are another pest that may attack Cleome ciliata. These tiny, white insects suck sap from the plant and can cause yellowing and curling of the leaves, as well as stunted growth. To manage whiteflies, use sticky traps to catch the adults and remove any affected leaves. Insecticidal soap or neem oil can also be used.
Common Diseases
Cleome ciliata may be susceptible to fungal diseases such as powdery mildew and leaf spot. Powdery mildew appears as a white, powdery coating on the leaves and stems, while leaf spot appears as dark, circular spots on the leaves. To manage these diseases, prune any affected leaves or branches and dispose of them. Use a fungicide according to the manufacturer's instructions if necessary.
Root rot is another disease that may affect Cleome ciliata. This disease is caused by soil-borne fungi that attack the roots, causing them to rot and the plant to wilt. To manage root rot, ensure that the plant is growing in well-draining soil and avoid overwatering. Remove any affected plants and replace the soil.
By managing pests and diseases effectively, Cleome ciliata can thrive and provide a colorful addition to any garden.
