Overview
Cleome bororensis (Klotzsch) Oliv. is a plant species that belongs to the family Capparaceae. It is commonly known as "spider flower" due to its characteristic long stamens. This plant is native to North America, specifically in the states of Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas.
Description
Cleome bororensis is a perennial herb that can grow up to 1.5 meters tall. It has a slightly woody stem that is hairy and can branching. The leaves are compound, with 5-7 leaflets that are lance-shaped and have toothed edges. The flowers are large and showy, with purple or pink petals that are 2-3 centimeters long. The plant's most distinctive feature is its long stamens, which can extend up to 15 centimeters and give it its spider-like appearance.
Uses
Cleome bororensis is primarily an ornamental plant. Gardeners often use it to attract bees and butterflies to their gardens since the plant's large flowers are highly attractive to pollinators. Additionally, the entire plant has been used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments such as fever, pain, and inflammation.
Cultivation
The Cleome bororensis requires a sunny location to grow well, and it prefers well-drained soils. It can tolerate dry and hot conditions, making it a suitable plant for arid regions. It is best propagated from seeds, and the seeds should be sown in the spring. This plant can self-sow, so gardeners should be mindful of its spread. Additionally, pruning the plant regularly will encourage more flowering and a bushier habit.
Light Requirements
Cleome bororensis is a sun-loving plant that requires at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day. However, in areas with scorching summers, it is advisable to provide some afternoon shade to prevent the leaves from burning.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature for growing Cleome bororensis ranges between 15°C to 35°C (59°F to 95°F) with a minimum temperature of 10°C (50°F). This plant is frost-sensitive and cannot survive in temperatures below 0°C. It is advisable to plant the seeds after the last frost in spring or grow them indoors before transplanting outdoors.
Soil Requirements
Cleome bororensis thrives in well-drained soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH of 6.0 to 7.0. The soil should be rich in organic matter, have good drainage, and retain moisture adequately. It is also important to avoid heavy clay soils as they can lead to root rot. Adding compost or organic fertilizer to the soil before planting can help provide nutrients to the plant.
Cultivation
Cleome bororensis is a hardy plant that is relatively easy to cultivate. It thrives in well-drained soil with a neutral to slightly acidic pH. It is best grown in a location that receives full sun but can tolerate partial shade. The plant can be grown from seeds or cuttings.
Watering Needs
The plant requires regular watering, especially during dry periods. It is essential to water the plant deeply to prevent the roots from becoming shallow. Overwatering can lead to root rot, so it is crucial to ensure that the soil is not too moist. The plant should be watered in the morning or evening to reduce water evaporation.
Fertilization
Cleome bororensis benefits from regular fertilization. Fertilizer helps the plant to grow, thrive, and produce more flowers. A balanced fertilizer with equal amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is ideal for the plant. The fertilizer should be applied once every two weeks, beginning from the time the plant is established.
Pruning
Cleome bororensis does not require extensive pruning, but it benefits from deadheading. Deadheading involves removing the spent flowers to stimulate the plant to produce more flowers. It also enhances the plant's appearance. Deadheading should be carried out regularly throughout the growing season. The pruning of the plant's stem should be done in the late winter or early spring to promote new growth.
Propagation methods for Cleome bororensis (Klotzsch) Oliv.
Cleome bororensis (Klotzsch) Oliv. can be easily propagated through seeds or cuttings. Here's a detailed look at each method:
Propagation through seeds
Seeds of Cleome bororensis can be collected from the matured fruits. Once the fruits have matured and dried, the seeds can be collected, cleaned and stored in a cool and dry place.
Before planting the seeds, the soil should be prepared by adding a mixture of sand, loam, and organic matter to provide good drainage. The seeds should be sown in early spring with a spacing of 6 to 10 inches between each plant.
Water the soil regularly to keep it moist. Germination can take up to 2 weeks. Once the seedlings have developed a few leaves, they can be transplanted into permanent positions.
Propagation through cuttings
The stem cuttings of Cleome bororensis can be taken in late spring or early summer. Select a healthy stem and cut a 4-6 inch long section just below a node. Remove the lower leaves, leaving only one or two leaves at the top.
Dip the cut end in rooting hormone and plant it in a well-draining soil mixture containing sand or perlite. Water the soil and place a plastic bag over the cutting to form a mini greenhouse and maintain humidity.
Keep the cutting out of direct sunlight and in a warm location (around 70°F) until it develops roots. Roots may take several weeks to form. Once roots have established, remove the plastic bag and gradually introduce the young plant to more light and fresh air over a period of several days.
Disease and Pest Management for Cleome bororensis
Cleome bororensis is a beautiful flowering plant which is known for its clusters of pinkish-purple flowers that bloom in the summer months. The plant is relatively easy to care for and maintain, but like all plants, it is susceptible to a variety of diseases and pests. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and ways to manage them:
Diseases
1. Powdery Mildew: This fungal disease is a common problem for Cleome bororensis. It appears as a white powdery substance on the leaves, stems, and flowers of the plant. The disease can be managed by ensuring that the plant is well-ventilated and not overcrowded. Infected plant parts should be removed and destroyed, and the remaining foliage should be sprayed with a fungicide.
2. Rust: Rust appears as orange or brown spots on the leaves of the plant. It is caused by a fungal disease and can be managed by ensuring that the plant is well-watered and fertilized. Infected plant parts should be removed and destroyed, and the remaining foliage should be treated with a fungicide.
3. Leaf Spot: Leaf spot appears as circular brown or black spots on the leaves of the plant. It is caused by a bacterial or fungal disease and can be managed by ensuring that the plant is well-watered and fertilized. Infected plant parts should be removed and destroyed, and the remaining foliage should be sprayed with a fungicide or bactericide.
Pests
1. Aphids: These small, soft-bodied insects can be found on the new growth of the plant. They suck the sap from the plant and can distort the growth of the plant and cause it to become stunted. They can be managed by spraying the plant with a strong jet of water or by applying an insecticidal soap.
2. Spider mites: Spider mites are tiny insects that feed on the underside of the leaves of the plant. They can cause the leaves to turn yellow or brown, and may produce webbing on the plant. They can be managed by ensuring that the plant is well-ventilated and not overcrowded. Infected plant parts should be removed and destroyed, and the remaining foliage should be sprayed with a miticide.
3. Whiteflies: These small, winged insects can be found on the underside of the leaves of the plant. They suck the sap from the plant and can cause damage to the leaves. They can be managed by spraying the plant with a strong jet of water or by applying an insecticidal soap.
By taking proper care of your Cleome bororensis plant and managing any diseases or pests that may affect it, you can enjoy its beautiful flowers for many years to come.
