Overview
Cleome bicolor (Pax) Gilg is a flowering plant species that belongs to the family Cleomaceae. It is commonly known as two-colored spiderflower and is native to tropical and subtropical regions of Africa. The plant is characterized by its large, showy flowers that bloom in a variety of colors, making it a popular ornamental plant in gardens and parks.
Description
The Cleome bicolor plant generally grows to a height of 3-4 feet and a width of 1-2 feet. It has a thin, upright stem that is covered in small, sticky hairs. Its leaves are compound, with 3-5 leaflets that are elliptical in shape and have serrated margins. The plant produces large clusters of flowers that are 2-3 inches in diameter, with four petals that range in color from pink, purple, and white. The flowers have long, thin, spider-like stamens that protrude from their centers, adding to their exotic appearance.
Uses
Cleome bicolor has been used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of ailments, such as fever, cough, and dysentery. Its leaves are also used to relieve itching and inflammation. In addition, the plant's oil is used in cosmetic formulations due to its emollient and moisturizing properties. Its striking flowers and unique appearance make it a popular choice for ornamental purposes, often incorporated into gardens, flower arrangements, and home decor.
Cultivation
Cleome bicolor is generally grown from seeds and requires well-drained soil and full sun exposure. The plant is tolerant of drought and heat, making it ideal for regions with high temperatures and low rainfall. It is a self-seeding plant that can easily spread, so it should be planted in areas where it is desired and monitored to avoid becoming invasive. To promote new growth and flowering, it is recommended to regularly deadhead or remove spent flowers.
Light Requirements
Cleome bicolor (Pax) Gilg can thrive in a range of light conditions, from full sun to partial shade. However, if the plant is grown in regions with hot climates, providing it with some shade during the hottest parts of the day can prevent damage to the leaves and flowers. In areas with cooler temperatures, the plant can be grown in full sun.
Temperature Requirements
Cleome bicolor (Pax) Gilg can grow in a range of temperatures, but it prefers warm temperatures around 70-80°F (21-27°C). Temperatures lower than 60°F (15°C) can stunt the growth of the plant. The plant can tolerate temperatures as high as 90°F (32°C) but will require more watering in high temperatures.
Soil Requirements
The plant grows well in well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter, with a pH between 6.0 and 7.5. Sandy loam soil is ideal, but the plant can also grow in loamy soils. The soil should be moist but not waterlogged, as standing water can lead to root rot. Before planting the seeds or seedlings, it is recommended to add compost and other organic matter to the soil to improve its fertility and water retention.
Cultivation Methods
Cleome bicolor (Pax) Gilg is a hardy plant that can tolerate both partial shade and full sun. It needs well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter for optimal growth. The plant should be sown in the desired location about half an inch deep and spaced six to eight inches apart. Seed germination usually occurs within five to twenty-five days.
Watering Needs
Cleome bicolor (Pax) Gilg requires moderate watering when the top one inch of soil is dry. Do not overwater the plant, as it is susceptible to root rot. During periods of drought, it is essential to water the plant frequently to maintain healthy growth. The plant should also be watered early in the morning or late in the evening to prevent evaporation and allow the moisture to penetrate the soil.
Fertilization
Cleome bicolor (Pax) Gilg requires regular fertilization to maintain optimal growth. A balanced fertilizer with equal parts nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium should be applied every two weeks during the growing season. Avoid over-fertilizing, as this can lead to excessive foliage growth and reduced flowering.
Pruning
Cleome bicolor (Pax) Gilg requires light pruning to promote bushy growth and encourage blooming. The plant should be pruned in mid to late spring to remove any dead, damaged, or diseased branches. Regular deadheading of spent flowers will also help to promote consistent blooming throughout the growing season.
Propagation of Cleome Bicolor
Cleome Bicolor can be propagated by either seeds or cuttings.
Propagation by Seeds
Seeds can be collected from the parent plant once the seed pods have dried up and turned brown. The seeds can then be sown in well-draining soil in a warm area. The seeds should be watered regularly and should germinate within 2 to 3 weeks.
Propagation by Cuttings
Cleome Bicolor can also be propagated by cuttings taken from the parent plant. Cuttings should be taken from softwood, usually in the summer months. The cuttings should be around 10cm long and should be dipped in rooting hormone and planted in well-draining soil. The cuttings should be watered regularly and should root within 2 to 3 weeks.
Once the cuttings or seeds have rooted, they can be transplanted to their permanent location in the garden.
Disease Management
Cleome bicolor is susceptible to a number of diseases, including powdery mildew, fusarium wilt, and bacterial blight. These diseases can significantly impact plant growth, vigor, and yield.
To manage powdery mildew, make sure that plants are adequately spaced to provide good air circulation. You can also apply sulfur-based fungicides to control and prevent powdery mildew.
Fusarium wilt can be managed by removing and destroying any infected plants. In some cases, soil fumigation may be necessary to control the spread of the disease.
Bacterial blight can be managed by using clean, disease-free seed and practicing good crop rotation. In addition, avoid excess irrigation and provide proper drainage to prevent the buildup of moisture, which can encourage bacterial growth.
Pest Management
Cleome bicolor can also fall prey to a number of pests, including aphids, whiteflies, and spider mites. These pests can cause significant damage to the plant and reduce crop yields.
To manage aphids and whiteflies, try using insecticidal soaps or neem oil. These products help to control these pests by suffocating them and disrupting their feeding patterns. You can also introduce beneficial insects, such as ladybugs or lacewings, which prey on aphids and whiteflies.
Spider mites can be controlled by removing infected leaves and physically washing the plant with a stream of water or using a miticide. However, be careful not to use chemical pesticides, as these can actually increase spider mite populations by killing off natural predators.
Finally, practicing good garden hygiene, such as removing weeds and other debris, can also help to reduce the incidence of pests and disease in your Cleome bicolor plants.
