Description of Cleistanthus schlechteri (Pax) Hutch. var. pubescens (Hutch.) J.Léonard
Cleistanthus schlechteri (Pax) Hutch. var. pubescens (Hutch.) J.Léonard is a small to medium-sized tree belonging to the Phyllanthaceae family. It is commonly known as "Kalai" or "Kalawa" in Sri Lanka and is native to the tropical rainforests of Sri Lanka and India.
Appearance
The plant can grow up to a height of 10 meters with a crown that is spreading and dense. The tree has a single trunk, with a smooth, grayish-brown bark, which is conspicuously striated. The leaves are simple, alternate, elliptical in shape, and measure around 9-15 cm long. The leaf surface is shiny, dark green, and has a smooth upper surface, with a pale underside. The leaves contain a white latex when broken.
Uses
The Cleistanthus schlechteri (Pax) Hutch. var. pubescens (Hutch.) J.Léonard tree has several uses, including medicinal and industrial uses. The leaves and bark of the tree have medicinal properties and are commonly used in traditional medicine to treat diseases such as skin disorders, diarrhea, and constipation. The bark is used to make paper, and the wood is used to make furniture and small implements.
However, it is important to note that the plant is also highly toxic and can cause severe poisoning if ingested. The toxic properties of the plant have been identified to contain an alkaloid called "cleistanthin B," which affects the nervous system and can lead to respiratory paralysis and death. As a result, caution must be exercised when handling the plant.
Light Requirements
The plant Cleistanthus schlechteri (Pax) Hutch. var. pubescens (Hutch.) J.Léonard requires bright, filtered light to thrive. It can tolerate partial shade but will not grow well in deep shade. Direct sunlight can scorch the leaves and cause damage to the plant.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for Cleistanthus schlechteri (Pax) Hutch. var. pubescens (Hutch.) J.Léonard is between 18°C to 27°C. The plant does not tolerate extreme cold or heat, and temperatures below 15°C or above 32°C can be detrimental to its growth. In colder climates, the plant should be kept indoors or in a greenhouse to maintain a suitable temperature.
Soil Requirements
Cleistanthus schlechteri (Pax) Hutch. var. pubescens (Hutch.) J.Léonard requires well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. It prefers a slightly acidic to neutral pH between 6.0 to 7.5. The soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged as the plant is susceptible to root rot. It is recommended to use a potting mix that contains peat moss, perlite or vermiculite to ensure good drainage.
Cultivation Methods
The Cleistanthus schlechteri (Pax) Hutch. var. pubescens (Hutch.) J.Léonard plant is native to Africa and is commonly known as the "Bushveld Poison Bean". It is a small tree or a large shrub that can reach up to 6 meters in height. This plant thrives well in warm temperatures between 18°C to 35°C, and it can tolerate a wide range of soil types and pH. For successful cultivation, plant this species in a location with well-draining soil that receives plenty of sunlight.
Watering Needs
The watering needs of the Cleistanthus schlechteri (Pax) Hutch. var. pubescens (Hutch.) J.Léonard plant vary depending on the height and temperature of its environment. It needs moderate watering during summer to prevent the soil from drying out and depriving the roots of nutrients. However, during winter, watering should be minimal as the cooler temperatures slow down the growth process. Overwatering this species can cause root rot, which can lead to the death of the plant.
Fertilization
For optimum growth and development, the Cleistanthus schlechteri (Pax) Hutch. var. pubescens (Hutch.) J.Léonard plant requires regular fertilization throughout its growth cycle. Apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer during the growing season when the plant is most active. The fertilizer's composition should be rich in potassium, nitrogen, and phosphorous to enhance new growth and improve the plant's health.
Pruning
Pruning is an essential aspect of the Cleistanthus schlechteri (Pax) Hutch. var. pubescens (Hutch.) J.Léonard plant's care routine. It helps to remove diseased, damaged, or old parts of the plant while shaping it to your desired form. You should prune this plant in winter when its growth rate is slow, giving it ample time to recover before the next growing season. Pruning should be done with sharp, sterile tools to avoid damaging the plant.
Propagation of Cleistanthus schlechteri (Pax) Hutch. var. pubescens (Hutch.) J.Léonard
Cleistanthus schlechteri (Pax) Hutch. var. pubescens (Hutch.) J.Léonard can be propagated through both sexual and asexual means.
Seed Propagation
The plant produces seeds that can be used for propagation. The best time to collect the seeds is during autumn or early winter. Care should be taken to ensure that the seeds are fully mature before collection. The seeds are then sown in well-drained soil mixed with sand and kept moist. Germination occurs within 2-3 weeks, and the plants can be transplanted after a year.
Cutting Propagation
Cutting propagation is another method that can be used to propagate Cleistanthus schlechteri (Pax) Hutch. var. pubescens (Hutch.) J.Léonard. The ideal time for taking cuttings is during spring and summer when the plant is actively growing. Select a healthy branch and make a clean cut below a node. The cutting is then dipped in rooting hormone powder and planted in a soil mixture containing sand, perlite, and peat moss. The plant should be kept in a shaded area and regularly watered until new growth appears.
Air Layering
Air layering can also be used to propagate Cleistanthus schlechteri (Pax) Hutch. var. pubescens (Hutch.) J.Léonard. A branch is selected, and a ring of bark is removed from the middle of the branch. A rooting hormone is applied to the exposed area, and a ball of damp sphagnum moss is placed around the exposed area. The area is then wrapped with plastic wrap to keep the moss in place. The plastic wrap is removed after roots have formed, and the rooted branch is cut off and planted in well-drained soil.
Disease Management
Cleistanthus schlechteri (Pax) Hutch. var. pubescens (Hutch.) J.Léonard is susceptible to various fungal and bacterial diseases. Therefore, regular inspection of the plant is essential to identify the diseases at an early stage.
Anthracnose, leaf spot, and powdery mildew are common fungal diseases that affect the plant. To control these diseases, remove and dispose of infected plant materials immediately. Fungicides like copper-based products or neem oil can be applied, but it is crucial to follow the manufacturer's instructions.
Bacterial leaf blight is a bacterial disease that affects the leaves of the plant. To prevent this disease, avoid overcrowding the plants and remove any diseased foliage and plants. It also helps to sanitize any pruning tools that may have come into contact with the infected plant material.
Pest Management
There are several pests that commonly affect the Cleistanthus schlechteri (Pax) Hutch. var. pubescens (Hutch.) J.Léonard plant. These include scales, spider mites, and aphids.
Scales are small insects that attach themselves to the leaves and stems of the plant. They can be removed by scraping them off with a soft brush or sponge. Pesticides may also be applied, but it is critical to follow the instructions to avoid harming beneficial insects.
Spider mites are another pest that can be controlled through proper watering and humidity control. These pests thrive in dry conditions, so maintaining proper moisture levels will help reduce their population. If necessary, insecticidal soap can be used to control spider mites.
Aphids can be removed by spraying the plant with a strong stream of water from a hose. Insecticidal soaps or neem oil can also be used to control aphids.
It is essential to regularly monitor the plant for signs of pest infestation and take immediate action to control the problem.
