Origin
Cladonia subsquamosa (Nyl. ex Leighton) Crombie, commonly known as the pixie cup lichen, belongs to the genus Cladonia, a group of lichens that grow on soil, rocks, and other substrates across Europe, North America, and Asia.
Common Names
The Cladonia subsquamosa is commonly known as the pixie cup lichen. It is also called the British soldiers, or devil's matchsticks, owing to its red color and cylindrical shape.
Uses
The Cladonia subsquamosa lichen has been traditionally used for various medicinal purposes, such as treating respiratory diseases and ailments, coughs, and fever. Additionally, it is also used in perfumery, as it has a strong, pleasant odor, similar to that of a freshly cut green apple. However, it is important to note that the lichen contains toxins, and it is not recommended to use it without the proper knowledge or guidance of a trained herbalist or practitioner.
General Appearance
The Cladonia subsquamosa lichen has a small, cup-like fruiting body, which measures 2-4mm across. The cup is cylindrical, with a slightly rounded, dome-shaped top, and a flat bottom. The outer surface of the cup is covered with small reddish-brown scales, while the inner surface is smooth and red. The stem is slender, simple or branched, and can reach up to 2cm in height. The Cladonia subsquamosa lichen grows in clusters, usually on heaths, moors, and wooded areas.
Growth Conditions of Cladonia subsquamosa
Cladonia subsquamosa is a lichen that typically grows in the boreal forest and tundra habitats. It is commonly found on soil, moss, and decaying wood, especially in areas with high moisture content. The growth conditions of Cladonia subsquamosa can be divided into the following:
Light Requirements
Cladonia subsquamosa thrives in shaded and semi-shaded areas. It does not tolerate direct sunlight and can become damaged or even die when exposed to prolonged periods of light. In the wild, it often grows under the canopy of trees or near rocks and boulders that provide shade.
Temperature Requirements
Cladonia subsquamosa is adapted to cool and moist environments. Therefore, it grows best in areas with temperatures ranging from 5°C to 20°C. It does not do well in hot and dry conditions, and high temperatures can cause it to dry out and become brittle.
Soil Requirements
Cladonia subsquamosa grows on soil substrates that are rich in organic matter and have a neutral to slightly acidic pH. It is commonly found in areas with high moisture content, such as peatlands, bogs, and wetlands. It can also grow on decaying wood and moss substrates. The substrate must be well-drained, as too much moisture can lead to the growth of other organisms that may compete with or harm Cladonia subsquamosa.
Cultivation
Cladonia subsquamosa (Nyl. ex Leighton) Crombie, commonly referred to as British Soldiers lichen, is a hardy lichen that can survive in extreme conditions. Cultivation of this plant is relatively easy given the right conditions and environment.
It is recommended to grow Cladonia subsquamosa in well-draining soil that is mixed with sand to enhance aeration. The plant should also be placed in an area with indirect sunlight, away from direct sunlight which can cause scorching.
Watering Needs
Unlike other plants that require routine watering, Cladonia subsquamosa doesn’t require watering since they obtain their nutrients from the air and water vapor. However, if you grow them in an arid area where humidity is low, it is recommended to mist them occasionally to provide them with sufficient moisture.
Fertilization
Cladonia subsquamosa doesn’t require any fertilization since it doesn't rely on the soil for its nutrients. To maintain a healthy plant, it is recommended to ensure that the surrounding environment is free from pollutants and contamination that can affect the plant's uptake of nutrients from the air.
Pruning
Pruning isn't necessary when it comes to Cladonia subsquamosa, since it doesn't grow into a traditional structure like other plants. However, it's recommended to clean the base of the plant periodically to remove any debris or dirt, which may hinder their growth.
Propagation of Cladonia subsquamosa
Cladonia subsquamosa can be propagated through several methods, including:
Division of thallus
The plant can be propagated through division of the thallus. This involves breaking the thallus into smaller sections and planting them in suitable conditions. The division of the thallus is best done during the spring or fall, as this is when the plant is actively growing and is more likely to establish roots and thrive.
Spore propagation
Cladonia subsquamosa can also be propagated through spores. The spores can be collected and sown in appropriate soil and growing conditions. Spore propagation is a slower process compared to the division of the thallus as spores take longer to germinate and develop into mature plants.
Propagation through fragmentation
Another method of propagating Cladonia subsquamosa is through fragmentation. This involves breaking off a piece of the plant's thallus and planting it in a suitable growing medium. As with division of the thallus, fragmentation is best done during the plant's active growth period for better establishment and root development.
Regardless of the method used for propagation, it is important to provide the plant with suitable growing conditions, including adequate lighting, humidity, and moisture. Proper care during propagation will enhance the chances of success in establishing thriving Cladonia subsquamosa plants.
Disease management
Cladonia subsquamosa is a hardy plant species that is resistant to several diseases. However, it may still become susceptible to some common fungal diseases that may result in a fungal infestation. These fungal infections may produce noticeable symptoms like discoloration of the thallus, presence of spores, or even the death of the plant tissue.
To manage these fungal infections, it is essential to avoid overwatering, improve air circulation, and maintain proper sanitation practices. Infected plant parts should be removed and destroyed promptly. Fungicides may also be used to control the disease, but care must be taken to select one that is safe for the plant species.
Pest management
Cladonia subsquamosa is generally quite resistant to pests, but some pests like mites, snails, and slugs may infest the plant and cause damage. Mites, in particular, can cause significant damage to the plant, weakening the thallus, and reducing its ability to photosynthesize.
To manage these pests, it is essential to introduce natural predators like predatory mites or use insecticidal soap or horticultural oils. It is important to note that some pesticides may be toxic to the plant species or other beneficial organisms, so care should be taken to select a pesticide that is safe and effective for the specific pest and plant species.
In conclusion, Cladonia subsquamosa is a hardy plant species that requires minimal care. Disease and pest management are essential to keep the plant healthy and free from fungal infections or pest infestations. Consistent monitoring, prompt removal of infected or infested plant parts, and using safe and effective management practices are crucial to maintain healthy Cladonia subsquamosa plants.
