Overview
Citropsis schweinfurthii is a small to medium-sized tree native to tropical Africa. It belongs to the family Rutaceae and is commonly known as the sausage tree or the Ugandan cherry orange.
Appearance
The tree can grow up to a height of 12 meters. It has a dense, rounded canopy and a single trunk that can reach a diameter of up to 50 cm. The bark is light gray and rough, while the leaves are dark green, glossy, and measure around 15 cm in length. The tree bears small, white flowers that are followed by large, sausage-shaped fruits that are reddish-brown in color and measure around 20 cm in length and 12 cm in diameter.
Uses
The fruits of Citropsis schweinfurthii are edible and are often used to make jams, jellies, and alcoholic beverages. The bark and leaves have medicinal properties and are used to treat a range of ailments, including malaria, dysentery, and rheumatism. The wood of the tree is hard, dense, and durable, and is used for making furniture, carving, and construction.
The tree is also grown as an ornamental for its attractive foliage, flowers, and fruits. In addition, Citropsis schweinfurthii is an important plant for wildlife and is often visited by birds and insects that feed on its fruits and nectar.
Light Requirements
Citropsis schweinfurthii requires full sunlight exposure to grow and thrive. It can tolerate partial shade, but it may affect the growth rate and overall health of the plant. Therefore, it is advisable to plant it in an area where it can receive a minimum of six hours of direct sunlight daily.
Temperature Requirements
The plant is native to tropical regions and prefers warm temperatures ranging from 25°C to 35°C. It does not tolerate cold temperatures and may experience growth problems when exposed to temperatures below 10°C. It thrives in areas where the temperature is warm and humid.
Soil Requirements
The ideal soil for Citropsis schweinfurthii should be well-drained, nutrient-rich, and slightly acidic. The plant thrives in fertile soils that are moderately moist. It is essential to note that the plant is sensitive to waterlogged soils and may not survive in such conditions. Good drainage is crucial to ensure the firm establishment of the plant.
Cultivation Methods
Citropsis schweinfurthii can be grown in containers or in the ground. If planting in the ground, choose a sunny location with well-draining soil. Dig a hole twice the size of the root ball and mix in some compost or organic matter. Plant the tree at the same depth it was previously growing in its container.
If planting in a container, choose a large pot with drainage holes. Use a well-draining potting mix and only fertilize if needed.
Watering Needs
Water Citropsis schweinfurthii regularly during its growing season. The tree prefers evenly moist soil, but make sure not to overwater, as it can lead to root rot. During the winter months, reduce watering to prevent waterlogged soil.
Fertilization
Citropsis schweinfurthii benefits from regular fertilization. Use a balanced fertilizer in the early spring and again in the summer. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for the specific type of fertilizer. It is also a good idea to incorporate some organic matter into the soil during the growing season.
Pruning
Citropsis schweinfurthii may require minimal pruning to remove any dead or damaged branches. Prune the tree in the late winter or early spring before the new growth appears. Make sure to use sharp pruning tools to prevent tearing the bark. If the tree has grown too large, it can be pruned to control its size, but be careful not to remove too much of the tree, as it may impact its overall health.
Propagation of Citropsis schweinfurthii
Citropsis schweinfurthii can be propagated through vegetative and sexual methods.
Vegetative Propagation
The most common vegetative propagation method used for Citropsis schweinfurthii is through stem cuttings. Stem cuttings should be taken during the plant's active growth period and planted in well-draining potting mix. The cuttings should be kept in a warm, shaded environment and lightly misted daily until they have developed roots.
Sexual Propagation
Citropsis schweinfurthii can also be propagated through sexual means, which involves collecting and sowing seeds. The seeds should be harvested from mature fruits and cleaned of any flesh or pulp. They can be sown in a well-draining potting mix and covered lightly with substrate. The seeds should be kept in a warm, humid environment with regular watering until they germinate.
It's important to note that Citropsis schweinfurthii is a slow-growing plant and may take several years to reach maturity, regardless of the propagation method used.
Disease and Pest Management for Citropsis schweinfurthii (Engl.) Swingle & M.Kellerm.
The Citropsis schweinfurthii, also known as the African cherry orange, belongs to the family of Rutaceae and is mainly grown for its edible fruit. However, this fruit tree is susceptible to some pests and diseases that can compromise its productivity and quality. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and suggestions on how to manage them.
Diseases
Anthracnose: This fungal disease causes the fruit to become brown and sunken. To manage anthracnose, remove infected fruits and prune infected plant parts. Fungicides can also be used, but they should be applied at the right time and frequency as specified by the manufacturer.
Fruit rot: This is another fungal disease that causes the fruit to rot and become an ideal spot for insects. To manage fruit rot, practice good sanitation by eliminating fallen fruits and pruning infected plant parts. Fungicides can also be applied as a preventative measure.
Citrus canker: This bacterial disease causes yellow spots on the leaves, stems and fruits. To manage citrus canker, remove infected plant parts and spray copper-based fungicides. Also, avoid pruning or touching the plant when it's wet as it can spread the bacteria quickly.
Pests
Aphids: These insects attack mostly young growth and can cause deformities in the fruit and leaves. To manage an aphid infestation, spray insecticidal soap or neem oil. You can also introduce their natural predators, such as lady beetle and lacewing larvae.
Fruit flies: These pests are attracted to ripe or overripe fruits and lay eggs in them. To manage fruit flies, bag the fruits or cover them with fine netting to prevent them from laying their eggs. Also, do not leave fallen fruits under the tree as they can attract fruit flies.
Spider mites: These tiny arachnids suck sap from the leaves and can cause them to become yellow and dappled. To manage spider mites, spray the leaves with water to knock them off. Also, release predatory mites or lady beetles to control their population.
By managing these diseases and pests, you can improve the health and yield of your Citropsis schweinfurthii tree and enjoy its delicious fruit.
