Origin
Citropsis articulata (Spreng.) Swingle & M.Kellerm., commonly known as the mountain calabash or wild orange, is a tropical evergreen plant that is native to Central and South America. It is found in countries such as Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Panama, and Venezuela.
Common Names
The plant is known by many names, including caculito, ocumo cimarron, guayabillo, and guamacho. In English, it is referred to as the mountain calabash or wild orange due to the fruit's resemblance to an orange and the plant's natural habitat in the mountainous regions of its range.
Uses
The fruit of Citropsis articulata is edible and has a sour, tangy taste. It can be used to make juices and jams, and the pulp can be eaten raw or cooked. In traditional medicine, the plant is used to treat various ailments, including fever, malaria, and diarrhea. The bark and leaves of the plant have also been used to make natural dyes.
General Appearance
Citropsis articulata is a small, evergreen tree that can grow up to 8 meters tall. It has a dense, round canopy and a straight trunk that is usually covered in rough, greyish-brown bark. The leaves are simple, leathery, and dark green, with a glossy surface and an oval shape. The flowers are small and white, and the fruit is a round, green or yellowish-orange berry that is about the size of a golf ball. The fruit has a thick, tough skin and a pulpy, juicy interior filled with small seeds.
Light Requirements
Citropsis articulata grows well in full sun to partial shade. In the wild, they grow under the canopy of taller trees and receive dappled light. However, when grown in gardens, they do better when they receive at least five to six hours of direct sunlight per day.
Temperature Requirements
Citropsis articulata is a tropical plant and thrives in warm temperatures. Ideally, the plant needs temperatures between 20°C to 35°C (68°F to 95°F) to grow well. Temperatures below 10°C (50°F) can cause leaf drop and even the death of the plant.
Soil Requirements
Citropsis articulata grows well in well-drained soils that are rich in organic matter. The soil pH should range between 6.0 to 7.5. The plant does well in sandy loam soils and soils that have a mixture of sand, loam, and clay. The soil should not be compacted to allow proper root development.
Cultivation Methods
Citropsis articulata (Spreng.) Swingle & M.Kellerm. is a tropical plant that requires a warm and humid environment to grow. It can be cultivated in outdoor or indoor settings, as long as the plant is provided with adequate care. The plant thrives in well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter. It prefers a slightly acidic soil pH, ranging between 5.5 to 6.5. Citropsis articulata can be propagated by seeds or stem cuttings.
Watering Needs
Citropsis articulata (Spreng.) Swingle & M.Kellerm. prefers to be watered regularly, as the plant requires consistently moist soil. However, the plant should not be waterlogged, as it may lead to root rot and other diseases. It is recommended to water the plant twice a week, depending on the environmental conditions. During the winter months, the plant will require less water, and the frequency of watering should be reduced accordingly.
Fertilization
Citropsis articulata (Spreng.) Swingle & M.Kellerm. requires regular fertilization to grow healthy and produce fruit. The plant can be fertilized every two to three months, using a balanced fertilizer with equal proportions of nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium. It is recommended to use a slow-release fertilizer, as it will release nutrients gradually over time and promote healthy growth. Citropsis articulata requires higher levels of potassium than most other plants, so it is recommended to select a fertilizer with a higher potassium content.
Pruning
Citropsis articulata (Spreng.) Swingle & M.Kellerm. requires regular pruning to maintain its shape and promote healthy growth. Pruning should be done during the dormant season or after the fruiting cycle to prevent damage to the developing fruit. The plant can be pruned to remove dead or damaged branches, promote air circulation, and control the plant's height. It is recommended to use sharp pruning shears to make clean cuts and prevent tearing the plant's tissue. It is also recommended to sanitize the pruning tools with a solution of rubbing alcohol or bleach to prevent the spread of diseases.
Propagation of Citropsis articulata
Citropsis articulata, also known as the Pink Euodia, is typically propagated through seed. However, cuttings can also be used as a method of propagation.
Seed Propagation
When propagating Citropsis articulata using seeds, it is best to sow them immediately after collection. The seeds should be placed in well-draining potting soil and covered with a thin layer of soil. The container should be kept in a warm, bright location and kept consistently moist. Germination typically occurs within 3-6 weeks.
Cutting Propagation
Cuttings for propagation should be taken from actively growing shoots in the spring. The cuttings should be approximately 6-8 inches long and have a few leaves attached. Remove the bottom leaves and dip the cut end in a rooting hormone. Place the cutting in a well-draining potting soil and cover with a plastic bag. Keep the soil moist and place the container in a bright, warm location. The cutting should develop roots within 4-6 weeks.
Conclusion
Both seed and cutting propagation can be used to propagate Citropsis articulata. It is essential to use a well-draining potting soil, keep the soil moist, and place the container in a bright, warm location to ensure successful propagation.
Disease and Pest Management for Citropsis articulata
Citropsis articulata (Spreng.) Swingle & M.Kellerm is generally a hardy plant which can withstand mild pest infestations and diseases. However, under unfavourable conditions, it can be susceptible to a variety of problems including:
Diseases
1. Citrus canker: This disease causes the formation of raised, blister-like lesions on the leaves, fruit, and stems of the plant. These lesions are usually surrounded by a yellow halo and can eventually lead to defoliation and fruit drop. The bacteria responsible for this disease can spread rapidly if left unchecked. To manage this disease, affected plants should be removed and destroyed. Infected parts of the plant should be pruned and disposed of carefully. Copper-based fungicides can also be used to manage the disease.
2. Root Rot: Root rot is caused by a fungus that attacks the roots of the plant, leading to poor growth and yellowing of the leaves. Infected plants may eventually die. To manage root rot, affected plants should be removed and destroyed. Good drainage and proper watering practices can help prevent the disease from occurring.
Pests
1. Citrus Leafminer: Citrus leafminer is a small moth whose larvae burrow into the leaves of the plant, causing twisting and distortion of the leaves. This can lead to reduced photosynthesis and eventual defoliation. To manage citrus leafminer, affected leaves should be removed and destroyed. Insecticides containing spinosad or neem oil can be used to control the pest.
2. Scale insects: Scale insects are small, sap-sucking insects that are usually found on the underside of leaves and stems. They secrete a sticky substance known as honeydew, which can attract ants and lead to the growth of sooty mould. To control scale insects, affected leaves and stems should be wiped with a soft cloth dipped in soapy water. Horticultural oils or insecticides containing imidacloprid or neonicotinoids can also be used to control the pest.
Overall, good cultural practices such as proper watering, fertilization, and weed control can help prevent diseases and pest infestations in Citropsis articulata. Regular monitoring of the plant for signs of problems can also help catch issues early, making them easier to manage.
