Origin
Cissus cirrhosa (Thunb.) Willd. var. transvaalensis (Szyszyl.) Burtt Davy & R.Pott, commonly known as “Ivy Grape” or “Kangaroo Vine,” is a species of flowering plant belonging to the Vitaceae family. This plant is native to Southern Africa and can be found in Angola, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Namibia, and South Africa.
General Appearance
The Ivy Grape plant is characterized by its thin stems that can grow up to 4m in length. The stems are covered in soft, wavy hairs, and the plant's leaves are shiny, green, and thick. The plant produces small, creamy-white flowers that grow in clusters and bloom in summer, followed by small, red berries that ripen in autumn.
Common Names
Although commonly known as “Ivy Grape,” Cissus cirrhosa is also referred to as “Kangaroo Vine,” “Perde wingerd,” and “Snydervy” in South Africa.
Uses
Medicinally, the Ivy Grape plant has been used to treat a variety of ailments, including dysentery, diarrhea, and mouth ulcers. The plant is also used for its anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a treatment for arthritis and other types of joint pain.
Cissus cirrhosa is also commonly used as a decorative plant, as its long, ivy-like stems are perfect for covering walls, trellises, and arbors. The plant is easy to cultivate and is also popular among home gardeners as a hanging or potted plant.
Light Requirements
Cissus cirrhosa var. transvaalensis prefers bright, indirect light, but can also tolerate some direct sunlight. It is important to avoid exposing the plant to harsh afternoon sunlight as this can cause sunburn and damage to the leaves.
Temperature Requirements
The plant prefers warm temperatures between 20-25°C (68-77°F), but can also tolerate cooler temperatures ranging from 10-16°C (50-61°F). However, prolonged exposure to temperatures below 10°C (50°F) can lead to stunted growth and damage to the leaves. In areas with cooler temperatures, it is recommended to keep the plant in a sheltered location to protect it from cold drafts.
Soil Requirements
Cissus cirrhosa var. transvaalensis prefers well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. Avoid using heavy clay or compacted soils as this can lead to poor drainage and risk of root rot. A recommended mixture is a combination of peat moss, perlite, and compost. The pH range preferred by this plant is between 6.0-6.5.
Watering Requirements
The plant prefers to be kept evenly moist, but care should be taken not to overwater as this can lead to root rot. Water only when the top inch of the soil feels dry to the touch, and be sure to allow excess water to drain away. During winter months, when growth is slower, it is important to reduce the frequency of watering to prevent waterlogged soil.
Fertilizer Requirements
Cissus cirrhosa var. transvaalensis benefits from regular fertilization during the growing season (spring and summer). A balanced, water-soluble fertilizer should be used every two weeks. Avoid using fertilizer during the winter months when the plant is dormant.
Cultivation Methods
Cissus cirrhosa (Thunb.) Willd. var. transvaalensis (Szyszyl.) Burtt Davy & R.Pott is a climbing and trailing plant that thrives best in bright indirect light. To cultivate this plant, select a well-draining potting mix and ensure that the pot you choose has drainage holes at the bottom. It is also advisable to choose a pot that is just slightly larger than the plant's root system.
When planting, arrange the stems in a neat and organized fashion, ensuring that each node is in contact with the soil. Firmly tamp down the soil to provide support for the plant, then water it thoroughly. Place the pot in a spot that receives bright to indirect light.
Watering Needs
Water this plant once the soil feels dry to the touch. It is best to water the plant thoroughly, allowing excess water to drain out of the pot's drainage holes. Never let the plant stand in water or remain in soggy soil as it can lead to root rot. During winter, the water needs of the plant decrease, and you can reduce watering frequency accordingly.
Fertilization
Cissus cirrhosa (Thunb.) Willd. var. transvaalensis (Szyszyl.) Burtt Davy & R.Pott benefits from monthly fertilization during the growing season (spring to summer). Choose a balanced liquid fertilizer and dilute it to half-strength before applying it to the plant. Avoid fertilizing during the winter when the plant is in a dormant state.
Pruning
To maintain lush growth and prevent the plant from becoming too leggy, prune it regularly. Pinch off the tips of the stems to promote branching, and cut back the stems by one-third to one-half if they become too long. If you want the plant to climb, prune away the lower leaves and pinch off the growing tips of the vine to promote lateral growth.
Propagation of Cissus cirrhosa (Thunb.) Willd. var. transvaalensis (Szyszyl.) Burtt Davy & R.Pott
Cissus cirrhosa (Thunb.) Willd. var. transvaalensis (Szyszyl.) Burtt Davy & R.Pott is a beautiful climber plant that can be propagated through different methods. The plant can be propagated through stem cuttings, layering, and seeds.
Propagation through stem cuttings
The stem cuttings of Cissus cirrhosa (Thunb.) Willd. var. transvaalensis (Szyszyl.) Burtt Davy & R.Pott should be taken from the parent plant in the early spring or late summer. The cuttings should be about 10-15 cm long and must have at least two nodes. Remove the lower leaves and dip the lower end of the cutting in rooting hormone before planting it in a well-draining soil mix. Keep the soil moist and place the cutting in a shaded area. Roots should develop within 4-6 weeks.
Propagation through layering
Cissus cirrhosa (Thunb.) Willd. var. transvaalensis (Szyszyl.) Burtt Davy & R.Pott can also be propagated through layering. Select a healthy and flexible stem from the parent plant and bend it down to the ground. Use a small stick or a wire to hold the stem to the ground. Make a small incision on the stem where it touches the soil, dust it with rooting hormone, and cover it with soil. Keep the soil moist until roots and new growth appear.
Propagation through seeds
Propagation through seeds is also possible for Cissus cirrhosa (Thunb.) Willd. var. transvaalensis (Szyszyl.) Burtt Davy & R.Pott. The seeds should be collected from the ripe fruit and should be sown in a well-draining potting mix. Keep the soil moist and place the pot in a shady area. Germination can take up to 4 weeks.
Disease and Pest Management for Cissus Cirrhosa (Thunb.) Willd. var. Transvaalensis (Szyszyl.) Burtt Davy & R.Pott
Cissus cirrhosa (Thunb.) Willd. var. transvaalensis (Szyszyl.) Burtt Davy & R.Pott is a plant that is susceptible to a number of diseases and pests. Some of the common diseases and pests that can affect this plant include:
Diseases
Powdery Mildew: Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that can affect the leaves of Cissus cirrhosa. The disease is characterized by a white or grayish powder that appears on the leaves. In severe cases, the leaves can become distorted and fall off. To manage powdery mildew, it is important to remove any infected leaves and to improve air circulation around the plant. Fungicides can also be used to control the disease.
Leaf Spot: Leaf spot is another fungal disease that can affect the leaves of Cissus cirrhosa. The disease is characterized by brown or black spots on the leaves. In severe cases, the leaves can become yellow and drop off. To manage leaf spot, it is important to remove any infected leaves and to avoid getting water on the leaves, as moisture can promote the growth of the fungus. Fungicides can also be used to control the disease.
Pests
Spider Mites: Spider mites are tiny pests that can infest the leaves of Cissus cirrhosa. The mites suck the sap from the leaves, which can cause the leaves to turn yellow and drop off. To manage spider mites, it is important to improve air circulation around the plant and to keep the leaves moist, as dry conditions can promote the growth of the mites. Insecticidal soap can also be used to control the pests.
Aphids: Aphids are another common pest that can infest the leaves of Cissus cirrhosa. The insects suck the sap from the leaves, which can cause them to wilt and turn yellow. To manage aphids, it is important to remove any infected leaves and to improve air circulation around the plant. Insecticidal soap and neem oil can also be used to control the pests.
By keeping a close eye on the plant and taking prompt action when signs of disease or pests appear, it is possible to manage these issues and keep Cissus cirrhosa (Thunb.) Willd. var. transvaalensis (Szyszyl.) Burtt Davy & R.Pott healthy and thriving.
