Overview
Cicca acidua (L.) Merr. is a tropical plant species that belongs to the citrus family. It is native to Southeast Asian countries such as Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines. The plant is also commonly known as the Lemon-scented gum tree, Lemon-scented-plant orange jasmine, and Orange-box.
Appearance
The Cicca acidua tree can grow up to 8 meters high, with a crown that is spread widely. Its bark is brown or grey, becoming pale as it ages. The leaves are elliptical in shape, usually 8-18 cm long and 5-10 cm wide, with a glossy green color on the upper surface and a light green color underneath. The plant's flowers are usually white or pale yellow in color and have a fragrance that smells like lemon-scented perfume. Its fruits are about 2-3 cm in diameter and are usually green when young and orange when ripe. The fruit has a sour taste, which is why it is also known as the lemon-scented plant.
Uses
The Cicca acidua plant has various uses. For instance, the fruit can be used for medicinal purposes as it contains chemicals that have anti-inflammatory and anti-fungal properties. The plant's bark can also be used to treat a sore throat. Its leaves and flowers can be used to make herbal tea, while the essential oil extracted from the plant can be used to make fragrances for perfumes and soaps. The plant's wood is also used in making furniture items such as chairs, tables, and bowls.
Additionally, the plant is also used for ornamental purposes, particularly in gardens and urban landscapes, due to its beautiful appearance and sweet fragrance.
Overall, Cicca acidua is a versatile and valuable plant species that is highly valued for its medicinal, cultural, and economic uses.Light Requirements
Cicca acidua is a shade-loving plant that grows well in partially shaded areas. Direct sunlight can damage the plant's leaves and hinder its growth. It is best to provide filtered or dappled sunlight to the plant.
Temperature Requirements
Cicca acidua thrives in warm and humid conditions, with a temperature range of 20-30°C being ideal for its growth. Temperatures below 15°C or above 35°C can cause stress to the plant and affect its overall health.
Soil Requirements
The soil in which Cicca acidua is planted should be well-draining and fertile. The pH level of the soil should be slightly acidic, with a range of 5.5-6.5. The plant prefers loamy or sandy soil that is rich in organic matter.
Water Requirements
The plant prefers moist soil, but it should not be overwatered as it can lead to root rot. Water the plant only when the topsoil is dry to the touch. During the winter season, the frequency of watering can be reduced as the plant's growth slows down.
Cultivation Methods
Cicca acidua, also known as the Elephant apple or Omu in India, is a drought-tolerant plant that grows well in hot and humid conditions. The plant can grow up to 15 meters in height and prefers well-drained soils that are rich in organic matter.
To cultivate Cicca acidua, you can start by planting the seeds in a well-prepared bed or potting container. The best time to plant the seeds is during the early spring or monsoon season when there is ample rainfall. The seeds should be planted at a depth of 1-1.5 cm and kept moist until germination, which usually takes around 2-3 weeks.
Once the seedlings are established, they can be transplanted to their final location, ensuring that they are spaced at least 3 meters apart to allow for adequate growth. Cicca acidua thrives in full sun but can also tolerate partial shade. The plant can be propagated through stem cuttings or air layering.
Watering Needs
Cicca acidua is a drought-tolerant plant that can survive in low-moisture conditions. However, during the dry season, it is recommended to water the plant regularly to keep the soil moist. The frequency of watering should be adjusted based on the soil type and climate. Overwatering can lead to root rot and other diseases, so it is important to monitor the soil moisture levels regularly.
Fertilization
Fertilization is not always necessary for Cicca acidua, as the plant can grow well in nutrient-poor soils. However, applying organic fertilizers can promote growth and enhance the plant's resistance to pests and diseases. Fertilizers should be applied during the growing season, usually from March to August. A balanced fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 10-10-10 is recommended.
Pruning
Cicca acidua does not require extensive pruning, but it is recommended to remove any weak, diseased, or damaged branches regularly. Pruning can also help promote new growth and maintain the plant's shape. It is best to prune the plant during the dormant season, after the fruits have ripened and the leaves have fallen. The use of sterile pruning tools is also important to prevent the spread of diseases.
Propagation of Cicca acidua (L.) Merr.
The plant Cicca acidua (L.) Merr. can be propagated through various means, such as:
Seed Propagation
Seeds are the easiest and most cost-effective way to propagate Cicca acidua (L.) Merr. The seeds can be collected from the fruit once they become ripe, and then be sown in a seedbed or potting mixture. Keep the mixture moist, and germination can be seen within a few weeks, depending on the temperature and humidity.
Cuttings Propagation
Cuttings from Cicca acidua (L.) Merr. are another means to propagate the plant. Take cuttings from the plant's softwood, which are around 8-10 cm in length, and treat the base with rooting hormone powder. Then, plant the cuttings in moist potting mixture or soil and maintain high humidity by covering the pot with a plastic bag. After a few days, air the cuttings occasionally to prevent the growth of fungus. Roots usually emerge within 1-2 months with the right conditions.
Air Layering Propagation
Air layering is another way to propagate Cicca acidua (L.) Merr. This method involves making a small cut in the stem of the plant, applying rooting hormone, and covering it with a ball of moist sphagnum moss. Cover the moss ball with plastic and keep it moist. After a few weeks, tiny roots will emerge from the moss into the stem. Cut below the roots and transfer to soil or potting mixture to grow.
Propagation of the plant Cicca acidua (L.) Merr. through seeds, cuttings, and air layering can be a fun and cost-effective way to increase the number of plants in your garden or collection.
Disease Management for Cicca Acidua (L.) Merr.
Like any other plant, Cicca acidua (L.) Merr. is susceptible to various diseases that can cause severe damage to the plant if not managed appropriately. Some of the most common conditions that might affect the plant include:
Alternaria Leaf Spot
Alternaria leaf spot is a fungal disease that causes small, dark spots to appear on leaves. Over time, the spots can grow and merge, leading to the death of the affected leaves. To manage the disease, you can prune infected leaves and apply a fungicide to the entire plant to prevent further spread. Additionally, ensure there is adequate spacing between plants to promote proper air circulation.
Powdery Mildew
Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that appears on the leaves as powdery white spots. The disease thrives in humid environments and high temperatures. To manage the disease, ensure the plant has enough space for proper air circulation, maintain adequate moisture levels in the soil, and prune the leaves that are severely infected. You can also apply a fungicide to prevent further spread.
Pest Management for Cicca Acidua (L.) Merr.
Cicca acidua (L.) Merr. is also prone to various pests that feed on the leaves, flowers, and fruits, leading to stunted growth and reduced yield. Some of the most common insects that might infect the plant include:
Aphids
Aphids are small, soft-bodied insects that suck sap from the leaves and fruits of the plant, leading to decreased growth. To manage the pests, you can pinch off the heavily infected leaves and spray the remaining foliage with soapy water. Also, you can apply insecticidal soap at regular intervals to prevent further infestation.
Fruit Flies
Fruit flies are tiny insects that lay their eggs on the fruits when they are still young. The hatched larvae feed on the fruits, causing them to rot and drop prematurely. To manage the pest, you can use traps, dispose of infected fruits properly, and apply insecticides when necessary. Also, maintain proper sanitation, and avoid leaving overripe fruits in the garden to minimize the chances of infestation.
Spider Mites
Spider mites are tiny insects that feed on the underside of the leaves, causing them to yellow and dry out. The pests are prevalent in dry, dusty environments. To manage the pests, you can spray the plant with a strong stream of water to dislodge the mites. You can also apply miticidal oils to prevent further infestations.
