Overview
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. var. pinnatifidum Lecoq & Lamotte, commonly known as the oxeye daisy, is a perennial plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. The plant is native to Europe and Asia, but is now widely distributed in North America. It is a popular ornamental plant and is used for medicinal purposes.
General Appearance
The oxeye daisy is a herbaceous plant that grows up to 60 cm in height. It has a fibrous root system, with erect stems that are often branched at the top. The leaves are lance-shaped and deeply lobed, giving them a fern-like appearance. The flowers are white with yellow centers and are about 3 cm in diameter. They grow in clusters at the end of stems from June to August.
Common Names
The plant is known by several common names including, the oxeye daisy, field daisy, marguerite, moon daisy, dog daisy, and white weed.
Uses
The oxeye daisy is commonly grown as an ornamental plant in gardens and parks due to its attractive flowers. The plant is also used for medicinal purposes. It is said to have antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties and has been used to treat respiratory ailments, skin conditions, and digestive problems. The plant is also used as a natural insecticide to control pests in gardens and farms.
Light Requirements
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. var. pinnatifidum Lecoq & Lamotte is a sun-loving plant and requires at least six hours of sunlight daily.
Temperature Requirements
This variety of Chrysanthemum can grow in a wide range of temperatures but prefers moderate temperatures between 60°F to 75°F. The plants can survive temperatures down to -30°F (-34°C).
Soil Requirements
The ideal soil for Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. var. pinnatifidum Lecoq & Lamotte should be fertile, well-drained, and slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.0 to 7.0). The soil should also have a good amount of organic matter to retain moisture and nutrients. While the plant can grow in poor soils, it prefers soils that are enriched with nitrogen and phosphorus.
Cultivation methods
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. var. pinnatifidum Lecoq & Lamotte is a hardy plant that is easy to cultivate. It prefers well-drained soil and full sun but can tolerate partial shade. Sow the seeds in a seedbed in spring or fall. Transplant the seedlings to their final location when they are about 10-12 cm tall. Space the plants about 30 cm apart.
Watering needs
While the plant can tolerate drought, regular watering is necessary for optimal growth. Watering the plants deeply once a week is sufficient in most cases. However, during hot and dry spells, increase the frequency of watering to keep the soil moist. Avoid overhead watering as it can promote diseases.
Fertilization
Fertilize the plants with a balanced fertilizer every four to six weeks during the growing season. Alternatively, add compost or well-rotted manure to the soil before planting. Do not over-fertilize as it can lead to leggy growth and reduced flower production.
Pruning
Pinch back the stems when the plants are about 15-20 cm tall to encourage bushy growth. Deadhead the spent flowers regularly to promote continuous blooming. In fall, cut back the stems to about 15 cm above the ground to prepare the plants for winter. Remove any diseased or damaged leaves or stems promptly to prevent the spread of diseases.
Propagation of Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. var. pinnatifidum Lecoq & Lamotte
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. var. pinnatifidum Lecoq & Lamotte, commonly known as oxeye daisy, is a widespread perennial plant that belongs to the family Asteraceae. It is native to Europe, but it has been introduced to other parts of the world, including North America, where it has become a noxious weed. Propagation of this plant can be achieved through various methods, including:
Seed Propagation
Propagation of Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. var. pinnatifidum from seeds is the most common propagation method. Seeds are readily available and can be purchased from nurseries or harvested from mature plants. The best time to collect the seeds is in late summer or early fall when the flowers have withered and the seeds have turned brown.
The seeds should be planted in a well-draining soil mixture and kept moist until they germinate. Germination usually occurs within 2 to 3 weeks depending on the temperature and moisture levels. Once the seedlings reach a height of 4-6 inches, they can be transplanted to their permanent location.
Vegetative Propagation
Vegetative propagation of Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. var. pinnatifidum can be achieved through division, stem cuttings, and root cuttings.
Division involves separating the plant's root system into smaller sections and replanting them. This method is best done in the spring or fall, when the plant is dormant.
Stem cuttings are taken from the plant's new growth. The cuttings should be 4-6 inches long and should have 1-2 nodes. The cuttings are then dipped in rooting hormone and planted in well-draining soil mixture. The soil should be kept moist until the cuttings have established roots and started to grow.
Root cuttings are taken from the plant's root system and should be 2-3 inches long. The cuttings are then planted in a well-draining soil mixture and kept moist until they start to grow.
Propagation of Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. var. pinnatifidum is relatively easy and can be achieved through various methods. By following the proper techniques, gardeners and horticulturists can grow new plants and maintain this beautiful species for years to come.
Disease Management for Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. var. pinnatifidum Lecoq & Lamotte
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. var. pinnatifidum Lecoq & Lamotte is generally hardy and disease resistant. However, like any other plant, it can be affected by certain diseases that can damage the plant. Some common diseases that can affect Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. var. pinnatifidum Lecoq & Lamotte include:
1. Powdery Mildew
Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that affects the leaves and stems of the plant. It causes a white or gray powdery coating on the surface of the leaves. To manage the disease, remove the affected leaves and stems to reduce the spread of the disease. Fungicides can be used to control powdery mildew.
2. Botrytis
Botrytis is a fungal disease caused by Botrytis cinerea. It affects leaves, flowers, and stems of the plant. The disease causes the infected tissues to turn brown and mushy. It is a common disease that usually affects plants during periods of high humidity. To manage the disease, remove the infected plant parts and avoid overhead irrigation.
Pest Management for Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. var. pinnatifidum Lecoq & Lamotte
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. var. pinnatifidum Lecoq & Lamotte can also be affected by various pests that can damage the plant. Some common pests that can affect the plant include:
1. Aphids
Aphids are small, soft-bodied insects that suck the sap from the leaves and stems of the plant. They are usually found in clusters on the underside of the leaves. To manage aphids, spray the plant with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
2. Spider Mites
Spider mites are tiny, sap-sucking pests that can cause discoloration and wilting of the leaves. They thrive in hot and dry conditions. To manage spider mites, spray the plant with a forceful water spray or insecticidal soap.
