Overview of Chrysanthemum bipinnatum L.
Chrysanthemum bipinnatum L. is a member of the Asteraceae family, commonly known as the daisy family. This plant is native to East Asia, specifically in China, Japan, and Korea. It is a perennial herbaceous plant that grows up to two meters in height. The leaves are deeply lobed and fern-like, and the flowers are small, yellow-colored, and arranged in clusters.Common Names
Chrysanthemum bipinnatum L. has several common names, which include Oxeye Daisy, Double-Flowered Feverfew, and Eastern Daisy.Uses
Chrysanthemum bipinnatum L. has various uses, including traditional medicine and ornamental purposes. In traditional medicine, the plant's leaves, roots, and flowers are used to cure fever, headaches, joint pains, and digestive disorders. The plant contains compounds such as parthenolide, which helps in reducing inflammation. The plant is also cultivated for its ornamental value due to its delicate and attractive flowers, especially in East Asia. The plant is often used in flower arrangements during the fall and winter seasons, and its flowers are also used as a natural dye.General Appearance
Chrysanthemum bipinnatum L. is a tall and herbaceous plant with fern-like leaves that are deeply lobed. Its flowers are small and yellow, arranged in clusters. The plant has a vigorous growth habit and can flower from summer to fall. It prefers well-drained soils and can withstand heat and drought. In addition, it is tolerant of cold temperatures and can survive light frosts. The plant is an attractive addition to gardens, parks, and other open spaces due to its beauty and hardiness.Light Requirements:
Chrysanthemum bipinnatum L. requires full sun exposure for optimal growth and flowering. The plant needs at least six hours of direct sunlight every day. Plants grown in shady or partially shaded areas tend to have weak stems, foliage, and poor flowering.
Temperature Requirements:
Chrysanthemum bipinnatum L. requires cool temperatures to initiate flower buds. The ideal temperature for vegetative growth is between 21°C - 24°C (70°F - 75°F). During bud formation, the temperature should not exceed 15°C (59°F). Once the flower buds have developed, a temperature range between 10°C - 15°C (50°F - 59°F) is optimal for the best flower production.
Soil Requirements:
Chrysanthemum bipinnatum L. grows best in well-drained soils with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.0. The plant prefers soils rich in organic matter, with good water-holding capacity. Sandy soils should have moderate amounts of organic matter, while heavy soils should be improved for good drainage. A soil test will provide information on how to amend soils with additional nutrients.
Cultivation of Chrysanthemum bipinnatum L.
The Chrysanthemum bipinnatum L. plant is a perennial that blooms late in the season. It grows best in warm and dry climates, on well-drained soils. The soil should be rich in organic matter and slightly acidic (pH between 6 and 6.5).
The plant can be propagated by stem cuttings or by seed. Stem cuttings should be taken from healthy plants in late spring or early summer. They should be about 6 inches long and have at least two nodes. The cuttings should be dipped in rooting hormone and planted in well-draining soil. Seed propagation should take place in the spring, in well-prepared soil. The seeds should be sowed at a depth of ¼ inch and watered regularly until germination.
Watering Needs of Chrysanthemum bipinnatum L.
Chrysanthemum bipinnatum L. plants require regular watering. The soil should be kept evenly moist, but not waterlogged. Overwatering can lead to root rot, which can be fatal to the plant. During the summer months, the plant may need more frequent watering, especially in hot and dry climates.
It is advisable to water the plants in the morning or evening, and avoid watering during the hottest part of the day. This can help prevent the leaves from scorching and reduce water loss through evaporation. The water should always be applied at the base of the plant, not on the leaves or flowers.
Fertilization of Chrysanthemum bipinnatum L.
Chrysanthemum bipinnatum L. plants require regular fertilization to maintain healthy growth and blooms. A balanced fertilizer with a ratio of 10-10-10 should be applied every four to six weeks during the growing season. The fertilizer should be applied according to the manufacturer's instructions, and watered in well after application.
Organic fertilizers such as compost, manure or bone meal can also be used to enrich the soil. These fertilizers should be applied in early spring or late fall, and worked into the soil around the plant.
Pruning of Chrysanthemum bipinnatum L.
Chrysanthemum bipinnatum L. plants require regular pruning to maintain their shape, encourage branching and promote healthy growth. Pruning should be done in the spring, when new growth appears.
The plant should be trimmed back to about 6 inches from the ground, leaving only the strongest stems. Any dead, damaged or diseased stems should be removed, as well as any weak or crowded stems.
In the summer months, the plants may need to be pinched back to encourage branching and more abundant blooms. This involves removing the tips of the stems, which encourages new lateral growth.
By following these cultivation and care guidelines, you can enjoy the beautiful blooms of Chrysanthemum bipinnatum L. plants for many years to come.
Propagation methods for Chrysanthemum bipinnatum L.
Chrysanthemum bipinnatum L., also known as the oxeye daisy, is a perennial herbaceous plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. The plant is native to Europe but can be found in temperate regions around the world. Propagation of Chrysanthemum bipinnatum L. can be achieved through several methods, including:
Propagation by seeds
The most common method of propagating Chrysanthemum bipinnatum L. is through seeds. The plant produces achenes, which are small, dry, one-seeded fruits. Achenes can be collected from the plant after flowering and dried for later use. The seeds should be sown in well-draining soil in either the fall or early spring. The seeds can also be stratified before planting by refrigerating them for four to six weeks. This will help break down the seed coat and improve germination rates.
Propagation by stem cuttings
Chrysanthemum bipinnatum L. can also be propagated through stem cuttings. The best time to take cuttings is during the plant's active growth period, which is typically in the spring or early summer. The cuttings should be taken from young, vigorous shoots and planted in well-draining soil. The cuttings should be kept moist and out of direct sunlight until they have rooted.
Propagation by division
Another method of propagating Chrysanthemum bipinnatum L. is through division. This method involves digging up an established plant and dividing it into smaller sections, each with its own root system. The new sections can then be replanted in well-draining soil. Division is best done in the spring or fall when the plant is not actively growing.
Regardless of the propagation method chosen, Chrysanthemum bipinnatum L. requires well-draining soil and regular watering to ensure successful growth. The plant prefers full sun or partial shade and generally does well in USDA hardiness zones 4-8.
Disease Management
Chrysanthemum bipinnatum L., commonly known as Oxeye daisy, is susceptible to several diseases, including:
- Powdery mildew: It is a fungal disease that leaves a white powdery coating on the leaves and stems of the plant. To manage this disease, growers should remove any infected plant material and spray the plant with a fungicide.
- Root rot: This disease is caused by a fungus that attacks the roots of the plant, leading to reduced plant vigor and death. To prevent this disease, growers should plant their Chrysanthemum bipinnatum L. in well-draining soil, avoid overwatering the plants, and remove any infected plant material.
- Gray mold: It is a fungal disease that causes brownish-black spots on the leaves and stems of the plant. To manage this disease, growers should remove any infected plant material, improve air circulation around the plants, and spray the plant with a fungicide.
Pest Management
Chrysanthemum bipinnatum L. is also susceptible to several pests that can reduce plant health and yield. These pests include:
- Aphids: These small, soft-bodied insects feed on the sap of the plant, causing curled or distorted leaves. To manage aphids, growers can wash them off the plant with a strong stream of water, introduce natural predators like ladybugs, or spray the plant with an insecticide.
- Mites: These tiny pests cause a stippled appearance on the leaves of the plant. To manage mites, growers can improve humidity around the plant, introduce natural predators like predatory mites, or spray the plant with an acaricide.
- Leafhoppers: These insects cause yellow or brown discoloration on the leaves of the plant. To manage leafhoppers, growers should remove any infected plant material, introduce natural predators like lacewings or ladybugs, or spray the plant with an insecticide.
