Overview
Chrysanthemoides monilifera (L.) Norl. subsp. rotundata (DC.) Norl., also known as 'bitou bush', is a native plant to South Africa. It is a hardy shrub that has been widely introduced in various parts of the world as an ornamental plant and for soil stabilization purposes. Bitou bush is now considered an invasive species, as it crowds out native flora, altering habitats and ecological balance.
Common Names
Bitou bush is commonly known by several other names, including boneseed, chrysanthemum bush, and coastal chrysanthemum.
Appearance
The bitou bush is typically a dense, bushy shrub that can grow up to 3 meters tall. It has dull green leaves that are slightly hairy and up to 10 cm long. The plant produces attractive bright yellow daisy-like flowers that grow in clusters. These flowers bloom from late summer to winter and produce small black fruits that resemble seeds.
Uses
In traditional medicine, bitou bush has been used to treat various ailments, including stomach problems and skin infections. It has also been used as a natural insecticide. Additionally, the plant has been introduced as an ornamental plant due to its attractive flowers. However, the main use of the plant is for soil stabilization purposes. Bitou bush has the ability to grow in harsh conditions, and its deep root system allows it to anchor itself to slopes and prevent soil erosion.
Light Requirements
Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata prefers full sunlight but can also grow in partial shade. When grown in shade, the plant can become leggy, with fewer flowers and decreased vigor.
Temperature Requirements
The plant is highly adaptable and can grow in a variety of temperature conditions. It can tolerate high temperatures up to 40°C and low temperatures down to -7°C. However, prolonged exposure to frost can damage the plant.
Soil Requirements
The plant prefers well-drained soils that are nutrient-rich. It can grow in soils with a pH range between 5.6 and 7.5. It can tolerate moderate salinity, but not waterlogged conditions. The plant can also grow in sandy soils, but it requires regular watering.
Cultivation methods
Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata is a hardy and adaptable plant that grows well in a range of conditions. It can be grown from seed or propagated from cuttings. If starting from seed, sow them in a seed tray or directly in the soil. The plant prefers well-draining soil and full sunlight but can tolerate partial shade. It is also tolerant of salt spray, making it a good choice for coastal gardens.
Watering needs
The plant has moderate water needs. It prefers regular watering but can tolerate drought conditions once it is established. Water it deeply once a week during dry spells and reduce watering during cooler months. Avoid overwatering as this can lead to root rot.
Fertilization
Fertilizing once or twice a year with a slow-release fertilizer will help promote growth and flowering. Apply the fertilizer in early spring before new growth appears. Be careful not to over-fertilize, as this can cause the plant to become leggy and reduce flowering.
Pruning
Regular pruning will help to promote compact growth and maintain the plant's shape. Prune the plant back after flowering in late summer or early autumn. Cut back any dead or damaged branches, and trim back the remaining branches by one-third to half their length.
Propagation of Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata
Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata, also known as round-leaved Chrysanthemoides or Kafferboom, is a low-growing evergreen shrub that belongs to the Asteraceae family. This plant is native to South Africa, but it has become an invasive species in other parts of the world including Australia and New Zealand. Propagation of this plant can be done through various methods which include:
Seed propagation
Propagation of Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata through seed is quite easy and can be done by collecting fresh mature seeds from the parent plant during the autumn season. The seeds should be cleaned, air-dried and stored in a cool and dry place until they are ready for planting. Sow the seeds in a well-draining potting mix, ensuring they are covered with a light layer of soil and placed in a warm, well-lit area. Keep the soil moist, and the seeds should germinate within four to six weeks.
Cuttings propagation
Propagation through cuttings is also a feasible method for Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata, and it involves taking stem cuttings from the parent plant during summer when the plant is actively growing. Cuttings should be taken using a sharp, sterile knife and should be 5-10cm in length. Remove the lower leaves and dip the cuttings in a rooting hormone before planting them in a well-draining soil mix. Place the cutting in a shaded area and ensure the soil is kept slightly damp. Roots should take hold within six to eight weeks.
Division propagation
Propagation of Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata can also be done through division, but it is not the most efficient method. The best time to divide the plant is in spring when new growth begins to show. Gently dig up the plant and separate the root system into smaller sections. Replant the individual sections in a well-draining soil mix and water well.
Disease and Pest Management for Chrysanthemoides monilifera (L.) Norl. subsp. rotundata (DC.) Norl.
Chrysanthemoides monilifera (L.) Norl. subsp. rotundata (DC.) Norl., commonly known as bitou bush or boneseed, is a species of shrub that has become invasive in many parts of the world. To maintain the growth and quality of this plant, it is essential to manage its diseases and pests that often cause damage to its leaves, stems, and flowers.
Common Diseases
Leaf blight: Leaf blight is a common fungal disease that affects the leaves of Chrysanthemoides monilifera. It produces irregular brown or black lesions that can cause the leaves to die and fall off the plant. To manage leaf blight, it is important to remove any infected foliage and dispose of it properly. Fungicides can also be used, but it is important to read the label and follow the instructions carefully.
Rust: Rust is a fungal disease that appears as yellow-orange spots on the leaves of the plant. It causes the leaves to turn yellow and fall off, which can weaken the plant. Removing any infected leaves and applying fungicides can help to manage rust.
Mildew: Mildew is a fungal disease that appears as a powdery white coating on the leaves and stems of the plant. It can be managed by removing any infected foliage and maintaining good air circulation around the plant. Applying fungicides can also help to control mildew.
Common Pests
Caterpillars: Caterpillars are common pests that can damage the leaves and stems of Chrysanthemoides monilifera. Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) can be used to manage caterpillars effectively.
Mites: Spider mites are common pests that feed on the leaves, causing them to turn yellow and fall off. Neem oil can be used to control mites.
Scale insects: Scale insects feed on the sap of the plant, causing the leaves to turn yellow and fall off. Applying insecticidal soap or horticultural oil can help to control scale insects.
Mealybugs: Mealybugs are tiny, white insects that produce a sticky substance on the leaves of the plant. They can be managed by removing any infected leaves and applying insecticidal soap or horticultural oil.
It is essential to identify any diseases or pests on Chrysanthemoides monilifera promptly and take appropriate measures to manage them. By maintaining proper care and management, this plant can thrive and remain healthy.
