Overview: Chlorophora tenuifolia Engl.
Chlorophora tenuifolia Engl., commonly known as the 'African teak' or 'Thin-leaved Moraceae,' is a tree species belonging to the Moraceae family.
Origin:
Chlorophora tenuifolia Engl. is native to West and Central Africa, growing in the humid tropical rainforest regions of Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Congo, and Angola.
General Appearance:
The tree grows up to 35 meters tall and has a straight trunk, with a diameter of up to 1.5 meters. The bark is typically brown to reddish-brown in color and has deep vertical fissures. The leaves are alternate, simple, oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate and are approximately 15-22 cm long and 6-9 cm wide. The flowers are small, greenish-yellow, and monoecious, meaning they have separate male and female flowers on the same plant. The fruit is a small, fleshy, and round drupe that turns from green to dark purple when mature.
Common Uses:
Chlorophora tenuifolia Engl. is a very important and versatile tree species, with various uses in different applications. Its high density and hardness make it an excellent timber species for construction, furniture, and flooring. Its bark and leaves have medicinal properties; it is used as a wound dressing, laxative, and anti-inflammatory agent. The fruit is edible, and the wood is also used for fuel and charcoal production.
The tree also has cultural significance; it is considered a sacred tree in some African cultures and is believed to have spiritual power.
Light requirements
Chlorophora tenuifolia Engl. requires bright and filtered sunlight to grow efficiently. Therefore, it is best to place this plant in a location where it can receive bright, indirect sunlight. Exposing this plant to direct sunlight for prolonged periods can lead to leaf burn and damage.
Temperature requirements
The optimal temperature range for Chlorophora tenuifolia Engl. is between 18°C to 27°C (64 to 81°F). This plant can tolerate colder temperatures for some time, but extended exposure to temperatures below 13°C (55°F) can cause leaf yellowing and dropping.
Soil requirements
Chlorophora tenuifolia Engl. prefers soil that is well-draining and rich in nutrients. The ideal soil composition for this plant is a mix of sand, loam, and peat, with a slightly acidic to neutral pH range of 5.5 to 7.0. It is essential to avoid overwatering the plant as it can lead to root rot and stunted growth.
Cultivation Methods for Chlorophora tenuifolia Engl.
Chlorophora tenuifolia Engl., also known as the Mara tree, is native to South America, particularly the Amazon Basin. It is a popular tree species grown for timber, shade, and ornamental purposes. To cultivate Chlorophora tenuifolia, you need to follow the following cultivation steps:
- Choose a site with well-drained soil, rich in organic matter.
- Prepare the soil by digging and adding compost or manure.
- Plant the Mara tree saplings in the early rainy season, as they require sufficient moisture to establish themselves.
- Space out the saplings to allow each tree to grow to its full potential.
- Water the newly planted trees regularly and monitor their growth.
Watering Needs for Chlorophora tenuifolia Engl.
Mara tree requires regular watering, especially during the initial establishment stage. Water the young saplings a minimum of 3-4 times a week to maintain the moisture content in the soil. As the trees mature, reduce the frequency of watering; however, provide deep watering to avoid stressing the roots. Water the trees once a week during the dry seasons and twice a week during the rainy periods.
Fertilization of Chlorophora tenuifolia Engl.
The Mara tree requires adequate nutrients to grow and produce quality timber. Apply a slow-release fertilizer, preferably organic, to the soil around the young saplings. Repeat the application annually to supplement the loss of nutrients from the soil. The ideal fertilizer ratio for Mara tree is N:P:K 3:1:2.
Pruning Chlorophora tenuifolia Engl.
Mara tree requires pruning to maintain its shape and promote healthy growth. Pruning should be done annually and the best time to prune is during the dry seasons. Remove any diseased, dead, or damaged branches using a sharp pruning saw. Thin out congested branches to improve airflow and light penetration. To promote vertical growth, cut the horizontal branches, and leave the upright ones.
Propagation of Chlorophora tenuifolia Engl.
Chlorophora tenuifolia Engl., also known as the African teak, is a tropical hardwood tree that is native to Africa. It is commonly used for timber and is also grown as an ornamental plant. Propagation of this plant can be done through different methods, which include:
Seed Propagation
One way to propagate Chlorophora tenuifolia is through seeds. Seeds should be harvested when they are mature, which means they have turned brown. Seeds can be planted directly in the soil or in a container filled with potting mix. Cover the seeds with a thin layer of soil and water regularly to keep the soil moist. Germination can take anywhere from two to six weeks. Once the seedling has reached a height of 20 to 30 cm, it can be transplanted to a bigger container or directly into the ground.
Cuttings Propagation
Chlorophora tenuifolia can also be propagated through stem cuttings. Cuttings should be taken from a healthy and mature tree during the spring or summer months. The cuttings should be around 20 to 25 cm long and should have at least two nodes. Remove the leaves from the bottom of the cutting and dip the end in rooting hormone powder. Plant the cutting in soil, and keep it moist by misting it regularly. Rooting can take anywhere from two to three months. Once roots have developed, the cutting can be transplanted to a bigger container or directly into the ground.
Air Layering Propagation
Air layering is another propagation method for Chlorophora tenuifolia. This method involves injuring a branch and forcing it to produce roots. Select a healthy and mature branch and make a cut around the branch, making sure not to cut all the way through. Apply rooting hormone to the area, and wrap it with moist sphagnum moss. Cover the moss with plastic and secure it with twine or rubber bands. After eight to twelve weeks, roots should have formed. Cut the branch below the moss ball and plant it in a container or directly into the ground.
When propagating Chlorophora tenuifolia, it is important to provide the plant with the proper growing conditions, including well-draining soil, adequate sunlight, and regular watering.
Disease and Pest Management for Chlorophora tenuifolia Engl.
Chlorophora tenuifolia Engl., commonly known as the African teak, is a tree species that is often grown for its valuable timber. Like any other plant species, African teak is prone to various diseases and pest infestations that can affect its growth and productivity. Here are some common diseases and pests that can affect Chlorophora tenuifolia Engl. and ways to manage them.
Common Diseases
Anthracnose: Anthracnose is a fungal disease that often occurs during the early stages of leaf development. The disease is characterized by small, circular, water-soaked lesions on the leaves, which eventually turn brown and dry. To prevent anthracnose, it is essential to keep the tree canopy open and ensure proper air circulation. Infected leaves should be removed and destroyed, and the surrounding area should be treated with a fungicide.
Canker: Canker is a fungal disease that attacks the bark and woody tissues of the tree. The disease is characterized by sunken cankers on the trunk or branches, which often ooze sap. Cankers weaken the tree and can eventually kill it. To manage canker, pruning infected branches and applying a fungicide to the affected area can be effective. Additionally, watering and fertilizing the tree appropriately can help to improve its overall health and resistance to the disease.
Common Pests
Termites: Termites are a common pest that can attack the wood of the African teak. These pesky insects can cause extensive damage, leading to deformities, cracks, and eventually, tree death. To manage termite infestations, it is essential to maintain proper tree hygiene and remove any dead wood or stumps. Applying insecticides can also help to protect the tree from termites.
Mealybugs: Mealybugs are white, fuzzy insects that feed on the sap of African teak trees. These pests can damage leaves, causing them to curl and yellow, and can even lead to stunted growth. To manage mealybug infestations, wiping the leaves with a cloth dipped in a mild soap solution or applying insecticides can be effective.
In conclusion, chlorophora tenuifolia Engl. can be prone to various diseases and pest infestations that can damage the tree and reduce its productivity. Understanding the common diseases and pests that affect the species and learning how to manage them can go a long way in protecting and preserving African teak trees.
