Overview
Chamberlainia collina var. suberythrorrhiza is a medicinal plant that is commonly known as "Eastern Mountain False Pennyroyal" or "Burnett-penny." It is native to North America and is found in the southeastern United States, including Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina.
Appearance
The plant is a small, annual herb that grows up to 40 centimeters tall. It has a single, slender stem that is often reddish in color. The leaves of Chamberlainia collina var. suberythrorrhiza are narrow and oblong, measuring up to 6.5 centimeters long and 1 centimeter wide. They are arranged oppositely on the stem and have a subtle minty aroma when crushed. The flowers are small, pink to lavender, and have a distinctive tubular shape.
Uses
The essential oil extracted from Chamberlainia collina var. suberythrorrhiza has been traditionally used in folk medicine as a remedy for various ailments such as nausea, vomiting, and menstrual cramps. It has also been used as an insect repellent and a flavoring agent in candies and beverages.
However, it is important to note that the plant contains a toxic chemical called pulegone, which can cause liver damage, seizures, and even death if consumed in large quantities. Therefore, it is recommended to use this plant under the guidance of a qualified healthcare practitioner.
Light Requirements
Chamberlainia collina var. suberythrorrhiza thrives best in full sun but can tolerate partial shade. Therefore, it is best to plant the species in an area that receives at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature for Chamberlainia collina var. suberythrorrhiza growth is between 60°F to 85°F. The species can handle extreme temperatures, ranging from -20°F to 110°F. However, it is best to avoid temperatures outside the recommended range as they can affect the plant's growth.
Soil Requirements
The species is native to sandy soils in arid regions. Therefore, it prefers well-draining soils with a pH range of 6.0 to 8.0. The soil should also be rich in organic matter, as it helps retain moisture and nutrients. Additionally, it is best to avoid soils that are too salty or compact, as they can damage the plant's roots and affect its growth.
Cultivation
Chamberlainia collina var. suberythrorrhiza is a native plant of California and prefers well-drained soil and full sunlight. It can be grown outdoors in USDA hardiness zones 7 to 10.
The plant should be planted in a location where it can receive at least six hours of direct sunlight every day. It is good to prepare the soil several weeks before planting by adding compost or other organic matter.
The optimal time to plant Chamberlainia collina var. suberythrorrhiza is in the fall or early spring after the last frost.
Watering Needs
Chamberlainia collina var. suberythrorrhiza requires regular watering, especially during the summer months when the soil can dry out quickly. The soil should be consistently moist but not waterlogged.
It is recommended to water the plant in the morning or evening to minimize water loss due to evaporation. A thick layer of mulch around the base of the plant will help retain moisture in the soil.
Fertilization
Chamberlainia collina var. suberythrorrhiza is a low-maintenance plant and does not require frequent fertilization. However, it can benefit from a light application of balanced fertilizer once a year in the spring.
The fertilizer should be applied to the soil around the base of the plant and watered in thoroughly. Be careful not to over-fertilize, as this can lead to excessive vegetative growth and reduced flowering.
Pruning
Pruning of Chamberlainia collina var. suberythrorrhiza is not necessary unless the plant becomes overgrown or diseased. If pruning is required, it is best to do it in the winter or early spring before new growth begins.
Remove any dead or damaged branches, as well as any branches that are crossing or rubbing against each other. Trim back any excessively long or leggy branches to promote bushier growth and more flowers.
Propagation of Chamberlainia collina (Schleich. ex C. Müll.) Robins. var. suberythrorrhiza (Ren. & Card.) Robins.
Chamberlainia collina (Schleich. ex C. Müll.) Robins. var. suberythrorrhiza (Ren. & Card.) Robins. is commonly propagated by seeds and stem cuttings.
Propagation by Seeds
The plant produces small seeds that can be harvested once they turn brown and start to fall off the plant. The seeds must be stored and planted in the following spring when the soil warms up. If the soil temperature is warm enough (18-20°C / 65-68°F) the seeds will germinate in a few weeks, with a good rate of germination.
Propagation by Stem Cuttings
Stem cuttings can be taken during the active growing season of the plant, usually in spring or early summer. The cuttings should be taken from healthy young shoots and stripped of the lower leaves. Ideally, cuttings should be approximately 4–6 inches (10-15 cm) long and containing at least two or three nodes. The cuttings should be placed in a mixture of moist perlite and sand, and kept in a warm (17-21°C / 62-70°F) and humid environment. Roots should start to form in about 2-3 weeks.
Once rooted and established, the new plants can be transplanted into their permanent location. If planted outside, it is recommended to do so in autumn, to allow the plants to develop a strong root system before winter arrives. Alternatively, the new plants could be potted up and grown under cover until they have developed sufficient size and hardiness to be planted outside.
Disease Management
Chamberlainia collina var. suberythrorrhiza is a relatively disease-resistant plant, but it can be affected by a few diseases. Here are some common diseases and management strategies:
- Root rot: This disease is caused by a fungus-like organism and can lead to plant death. To manage root rot, avoid overwatering and ensure good drainage. Remove infected plants to prevent the spread of the disease.
- Powdery mildew: This fungal disease causes a white, powdery coating on leaves. To manage powdery mildew, maintain good airflow around the plant and avoid watering from above. Remove infected leaves and treat with a fungicide if necessary.
Pest Management
Chamberlainia collina var. suberythrorrhiza can also be affected by several pests. Here are some common pests and management strategies:
- Aphids: These tiny insects feed on plant sap and can cause leaf curling and stunted growth. To manage aphids, wash them off with a strong jet of water or release natural predators such as ladybugs or lacewings.
- Spider mites: These pests are difficult to see with the naked eye but can cause yellowing, stippling, and webbing on leaves. To manage spider mites, carefully wash the leaves with water or use a miticide. Increase humidity around the plant to discourage infestations.
- Thrips: These small, slender insects can cause leaf distortion and discoloration. To manage thrips, release natural predators such as predatory mites or use sticky traps to monitor their presence. In severe infestations, treat with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
