Origin
Chamaesyce fendleri (Torr. & Gray) Small var. triligulata (L.C. Wheeler) Shinners, commonly known as Fendler's sandmat, is a member of the spurge family Euphorbiaceae. It is native to North America and can be found across the western United States, from Montana and Wyoming to California and Mexico.
Common Names
Fendler's sandmat is also commonly referred to as three-lobed sandmat or Wheeler's sandmat.
Appearance
Fendler's sandmat is a small, low-growing plant, typically only reaching a height of 5 to 15 centimeters. It has tiny, unassuming flowers that are surrounded by small bracts. The leaves of the plant are arranged in an alternating pattern and are small and oval-shaped, with three rounded lobes at the tip on each side. The stems of the plant are green and produce a milky sap when broken.
Uses
Fendler's sandmat is primarily used for erosion control, as it can help stabilize soil in areas where vegetation is scarce. The plant is also of interest to horticulturists, who use it in xeriscapes and rock gardens. Some indigenous communities in the western United States have also used Fendler's sandmat for medicinal purposes, including treating skin ailments and respiratory issues.
Light Conditions
Chamaesyce fendleri var. triligulata thrives in areas with ample sunlight. It is primarily found in areas with partial to full sun exposure. In cultivation, it will grow best in areas with at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day.
Temperature
Typically, Chamaesyce fendleri var. triligulata can grow in a wide range of temperatures. However, the optimal temperature range for growth lies between 60-85 °F (15-29 °C). Temperatures below 50 °F (10 °C) can cause damage to the plant while temperatures above 95 °F (35°C) can cause wilting of leaves.
Soil Requirements
Chamaesyce fendleri var. triligulata is suited for well-drained soils and can adapt to various soil types ranging from sandy loam to clay. In the wild, it grows in rocky and gravely soils. In cultivation, it is recommended to provide neutral to slightly acidic soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.0. The soil must be rich in organic matter and nutrients to promote healthy growth and improve drought tolerance.
Cultivation methods
Chamaesyce fendleri var. triligulata is a hardy plant that can grow in various soil types, including clay and loam. It can withstand extreme temperatures, from cold to hot but thrives well in warm, dry environments with full sun exposure. The plant is easy to cultivate, and propagation can be done through stem cutting or seed planting.
Watering needs
Chamaesyce fendleri var. triligulata is a drought-tolerant plant that requires minimal watering. During the growing season, water the plant once a week, ensuring the soil is well-drained. Overwatering can lead to root rot, which can kill the plant.
Fertilization
The plant does not require much fertilization; however, adding compost or organic matter to the soil before planting can improve the soil's nutrient content. Once established, fertilize the plant with a balanced fertilizer once a month during the growing season. Over-fertilizing can cause the plant to produce too much foliage at the expense of flowers.
Pruning
Pruning is not necessary for Chamaesyce fendleri var. triligulata; however, deadheading spent flowers can encourage more blooms to develop. Removing old, leggy stems can also improve the plant's appearance, promoting bushy growth.
Propagation of Chamaesyce fendleri var. triligulata
Chamaesyce fendleri var. triligulata can be propagated by both seed and stem cuttings.
Seed Propagation
The seeds of Chamaesyce fendleri var. triligulata can be sown in a well-draining potting mix in a container with adequate drainage. The ideal time for sowing seeds is in the early spring. Cover the seeds with a thin layer of soil and keep the soil consistently moist until the seeds germinate. The seeds typically germinate within 2-3 weeks.
Stem Cutting Propagation
Stem cuttings can also be used to propagate Chamaesyce fendleri var. triligulata. To take stem cuttings, select healthy stem tips with a few leaves and remove the lower leaves from the stem. Dip the cut end of the stem in rooting hormone powder and gently tap off any excess. Insert the cutting into a well-draining potting mix and water thoroughly. Keep the soil consistently moist until the cutting develops roots, which typically takes 3-4 weeks. Once the cutting has rooted, it can be transplanted into a larger container or into the garden.
Disease Management for Chamaesyce fendleri var. triligulata
Chamaesyce fendleri var. triligulata is generally a hardy plant, and does not attract many diseases. However, there are some issues that may arise in specific situations, such as:
- Anthracnose: This fungal disease can cause spotting on leaves, stems, and flowers. Remove and destroy affected plant parts promptly, and avoid getting leaves wet when watering. Fungicides can be used if symptoms persist.
- Rust: Rust appears as yellow or orange spots on leaves. Good air circulation and regular pruning can help prevent rust. If rust does appear, remove affected leaves and consider using a fungicide.
Pest Management for Chamaesyce fendleri var. triligulata
While there are not many pests that specifically target Chamaesyce fendleri var. triligulata, there are some common pests that may still pose a threat. These include:
- Spider mites: These tiny pests can cause stippling on leaves and weaken the plant over time. Frequent watering and good air circulation can help prevent spider mites. If they do appear, consider using a miticide.
- Mealybugs: Mealybugs are small, white, and fuzzy in appearance, and are often found in hidden areas on the plant. They can cause stunted growth and leaf drop. Insecticidal soap and neem oil can be effective in controlling mealybugs.
- Scale insects: Scale insects can be difficult to spot, as they attach themselves to the plant and often appear as small bumps. They can cause yellowing of leaves and stunted growth. Pruning infested areas and using horticultural oil can help control scale insects.
