Overview of Chamaecrista glandulosa (L.) Greene var. swartzii (Wikstr.) Irwin & Barneby
Chamaecrista glandulosa var. swartzii is a plant found in the United States, Mexico, and Central America. It is part of the pea family (Fabaceae) and is known by several common names, including Swartz's cassia, glandular partridge pea, and glandular false sensitive plant.
General appearance
Chamaecrista glandulosa var. swartzii is an herbaceous plant that can reach a height of 1-2 feet. Its stems are slender and covered with glandular hairs. The leaves are pinnately compound and can have up to 20 pairs of leaflets. Each leaflet is oblong in shape, about 1 inch long, and has a pointed tip. The plant usually flowers from July to October and its flowers are small and yellow, about 1/2 inch in diameter, with five petals.
Uses of Chamaecrista glandulosa (L.) Greene var. swartzii
Chamaecrista glandulosa var. swartzii has several uses. The plant is often used for ornamental purposes because of its attractive foliage and yellow flowers. Additionally, the roots and foliage of the plant have been used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of ailments, including diarrhea, dysentery, and snakebite. Some cultures have also used the plant to make a tea to reduce fever and inflammation. In modern times, the plant is sometimes used in landscaping and erosion control because of its ability to fix nitrogen in the soil and its drought tolerance.
Light Requirements
Chamaecrista glandulosa var. swartzii prefers full to partial sunlight for optimal growth. It can tolerate moderate shade, but excessive shade may lead to reduced flower production and overall growth.
Temperature Conditions
This plant variety can thrive in a range of temperature conditions, including warm to hot temperatures. It is a tropical plant, so it prefers temperatures between 20°C to 30°C (68°F to 86°F). It can tolerate occasional drops in temperature to 10°C (50°F) but cannot survive frost or freezing temperatures.
Soil Requirements
Chamaecrista glandulosa var. swartzii is adaptable to different soil types, including clay, loam, and sand. However, it prefers well-draining soils with a pH of 6.0 to 7.5. The plant can also tolerate infertile soils but requires regular watering either from rainfall or manual irrigation. It cannot tolerate water-logged soils.
Cultivation Methods
Chamaecrista glandulosa (L) Greene var. swartzii (Wikstr.) Irwin & Barneby, also known as Swartz’s sensitive pea, is a native flowering plant to the southeastern United States. The plant prefers full sunlight and well-draining soil for ideal growth conditions. Determine the right spot to plant the seeds so that the plant receives a minimum of six hours of direct sunlight every day.
Watering Needs
The plant requires regular watering, especially during the first year of planting, to establish its roots in the soil. However, ensure not to over-water the plant, as it can cause root rot, which can be disastrous for the plant's health. The plant prefers moist soil, so check the soil's moisture content before watering it once a week.
Fertilization
The Swartz’s sensitive pea plant does not require frequent fertilization. However, if you notice a decline in the plant's growth or color, apply an all-purpose fertilizer once a month during the growing season. Apply the fertilizer sparingly and avoid applying it near the plant's stem to avoid root burn.
Pruning
The Swartz’s sensitive pea does not require frequent pruning. However, routine pruning of the plant encourages branching, strengthens the plant's structure, and improves its overall appearance. Prune the plant's tips to promote fuller growth and remove dead, diseased, or damaged branches to keep the plant healthy.
Propagation of Chamaecrista glandulosa var. swartzii
Chamaecrista glandulosa var. swartzii, also known as Swartz's partridge pea, is a plant that can be propagated through seeds and cuttings.
Propagation by Seeds
Seeds of Chamaecrista glandulosa var. swartzii can be directly sown into the soil in the spring. Before planting, soak the seeds in water for about 24 hours to help with germination. Plant the seeds about 1/4 inch deep and 1 to 2 inches apart. Keep the soil moist and make sure the plants receive enough sunlight. Germination may take 2 to 3 weeks.
Propagation by Cuttings
Chamaecrista glandulosa var. swartzii can also be propagated through cuttings. Take a cutting from an established plant in the spring or summer. Cut about 4 to 6 inches of stem, with a few leaves attached. Dip the cut end in rooting hormone and plant it in a well-draining soil mix. Keep the soil moist and place the cutting in a bright, indirect light. Roots should form within 4 to 6 weeks.
Once the cuttings have rooted and the seedlings have grown, they can be transplanted into the garden. Remember to harden off the plants first by gradually exposing them to outdoor conditions over a week.
Disease management
Chamaecrista glandulosa var. swartzii is susceptible to several diseases that affect its growth and yield. The common diseases to watch out for include:
- Fungal leaf spots: This disease is characterized by small circular black or brown spots on the leaves. The spots spread, causing the leaves to wither and die. To manage this disease, remove and destroy infected leaves, and apply a fungicide as recommended by the manufacturer.
- Root rot: This disease is caused by the soilborne fungus, Phytophthora. Symptoms include yellowing leaves, wilting, and stunting. To manage this disease, avoid overwatering, improve soil drainage, and use a fungicide as directed.
- Anthracnose: Anthracnose is a fungal disease that causes brown lesions on the leaves, stems, and pods. The disease can cause extensive damage to the plant, leading to yield losses. To manage anthracnose, remove and destroy infected plant parts, and apply a fungicide as recommended.
Pest management
The following are the common pests that may affect the growth and yield of Chamaecrista glandulosa var. swartzii:
- Spider mites: These are small insects that suck the plant's sap, leading to stunted growth and yellowing of leaves. To manage the pests, prune the affected parts of the plant, and use an insecticide spray as directed.
- Aphids: They are small insects that suck the sap of the plant, leading to distorted and yellowing leaves. To manage the pests, prune the affected parts, use an insecticide spray, and introduce natural predators such as ladybugs.
- Caterpillars: Caterpillars are the larvae of moth and butterfly species that feed on the leaves, pods, and stems of the plant. To manage the pests, handpick and destroy them, apply an insecticide, or use natural predators such as birds.
