Overview:
Chamaecrista falcinella (Oliv.) Lock var. parviflora (Steyaert) Lock, commonly known as the "small-flowered dwarf sensitive plant," is a species of flowering plant in the pea family (Fabaceae). Native to the African continent, this plant is commonly found in Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Somalia, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia. The plant has a number of traditional medicinal uses, and the dried leaves and stems are sometimes used as cattle feed.
Appearance:
The small-flowered dwarf sensitive plant is a small, annual herb that grows up to 60 cm in height. The leaves are small and fern-like, with an oval-shaped leaflet that is about 5-12 mm long and 3.5-8 mm wide. The flowers grow in pairs at the end of short branchlets, and are small and yellow, measuring only 2-3 mm in diameter. The plant produces legumes that are about 10-15 mm long and 4-6 mm wide, typically containing two seeds, each about 4-5 mm in diameter.
Uses:
The small-flowered dwarf sensitive plant has been traditionally used as a medicinal plant by various communities in Africa. The roots, stems, and leaves are used in traditional medicine to treat a range of conditions, including diarrhea, stomachache, fever, and venereal diseases. In addition, the plant has been used topically to treat wounds and skin infections. The plant is also used as a source of forage for livestock, as it is considered a valuable source of protein, vitamins, and minerals.
Light Needs
Chamaecrista falcinella var. parviflora needs a considerable amount of light each day to grow properly. As a sun-loving plant, it requires at least six hours of direct sunlight daily. Planting it in a location that gets a substantial amount of sun exposure is essential.
Temperature Requirements
This variety of Chamaecrista falcinella prefers an average to a warm climate. It thrives in temperatures ranging from 22°C to 30°C (72°F to 86°F). It’s crucial to protect this plant from excessive cold as it doesn’t tolerate temperatures below 10°C (50°F).
Soil Needs
Well-draining soil is key to the success of Chamaecrista falcinella var. parviflora, as it can’t tolerate standing water. The soil must be loose enough to allow air to circulate around the roots. A sandy loam with a pH range between 6.0 and 7.5 is ideal. Proper drainage is essential, making sure the soil is neither too dry nor too moist.
Cultivation Methods
Chamaecrista falcinella (Oliv.) Lock var. parviflora (Steyaert) Lock is a hardy plant that is versatile and relatively easy to grow. It is recommended to plant the seeds in the spring after the last frost has passed. The plant thrives in well-draining sandy soils with a slightly acidic pH level. The ideal location for planting is in an area that gets plenty of direct sunlight. Sow the seeds about 1/4 inch deep and water frequently until the seeds germinate in about 7-10 days.
Watering Needs
The Chamaecrista falcinella (Oliv.) Lock var. parviflora (Steyaert) Lock plant requires moderate watering. Keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. The amount of water required depends on the climate and soil conditions. During hot and dry periods, water the plant more frequently. In contrast, water the plant less frequently during cooler and wetter periods to avoid root rot. It is also important to mulch around the plant to help retain soil moisture and reduce weed growth.
Fertilization
Fertilization is necessary to ensure the Chamaecrista falcinella (Oliv.) Lock var. parviflora (Steyaert) Lock plant grows healthy and strong. Use a balanced fertilizer, such as a 10-10-10, during the growing season to promote plant growth and flowering. Apply the fertilizer once a month and water the plant after feeding to prevent burns. Organic matter such as composts and aged manure are also beneficial to help improve soil structure and fertility levels.
Pruning
Prune the Chamaecrista falcinella (Oliv.) Lock var. parviflora (Steyaert) Lock plant to help manage its size and promote flowering. Prune in the spring before the growing season starts by removing the dead, diseased, or damaged stems. Cut back any overgrown stems to promote branching and create a fuller plant. It also helps to pinch off any spent or faded flowers to encourge more blooms to form throughout the growing season. Remove any weeds and debris from around the base of the plant regularly to help maintain good health and growth.
Propagation of Chamaecrista falcinella var. parviflora
Chamaecrista falcinella var. parviflora can be propagated through different methods depending on the availability of resources and desired results.
Seed Propagation
The easiest and most common way to propagate Chamaecrista falcinella var. parviflora is through seed. Seeds can be collected from mature pods during the dry season. Prior to planting, seeds should be scarified to break the outer coat and allow for easier germination. After scarification, seeds can be sown on well-draining soil in pots or raised beds. They should be kept moist but not waterlogged. Germination usually occurs within 7 to 14 days.
Cuttings Propagation
Cuttings can be used to propagate Chamaecrista falcinella var. parviflora when seeds are not available or in limited supply. Stem cuttings should be taken preferably during the rainy season to increase the success rate. Cuttings should be around 10 to 15 cm long with at least 2 to 3 nodes and leaves removed from the lower part. The cuttings should be dipped in rooting hormone powder and planted 1 to 2 inches deep in well-prepared soil. They should be kept in a shaded and moist environment until root development is observed.
Division Propagation
Chamaecrista falcinella var. parviflora can also be propagated through division of mature clumps. This method can be used when a large specimen plant is available or when seed production is low. Division should be done correctly in the fall season when the plant is dormant. The plant should be lifted and gently separated into 2 or more clumps. Each clump should have some roots and shoots. They should be planted into a well-prepared soil and watered well. Division propagation should be done carefully to avoid injuring the plant and disturbing the root system.
Disease and Pest Management for Chamaecrista falcinella (Oliv.) Lock var. parviflora (Steyaert) Lock
Chamaecrista falcinella (Oliv.) Lock var. parviflora (Steyaert) Lock is a species of legume commonly found in grasslands. It is a hardy plant, but it can still be affected by pests and diseases. There are several ways to manage these problems and ensure a healthy plant. Below are some common diseases and pests that may affect Chamaecrista falcinella:
Diseases
1. Anthracnose: Anthracnose is a fungal disease that affects many plants, including Chamaecrista falcinella. It causes yellowing, wilting, and eventual death of leaves, stems, and pods. To prevent the disease from spreading, remove and destroy the affected parts of the plant. Fungicides can also be used to control the spread of the disease.
2. Rust: Rust is a fungal disease that causes orange or rust-colored spots to appear on the leaves. The affected leaves may fall prematurely. To control rust, remove and destroy the affected leaves, improve air circulation around the plant, and avoid overhead watering to prevent moisture buildup.
Pests
1. Aphids: Aphids are small, pear-shaped insects that suck the sap from the plant's leaves, stems, and pods. Infected plant's leaves curl or develop sticky, shiny, and black mold. To control aphids, spray the plant with insecticidal soap or use a strong jet of water to wash them off the plant.
2. Spider Mites: Spider mites are tiny spider-like pests that feed on the plant's sap and leaves a web-like substance on the affected plant's parts. Heavy infestations lead to an unhealthy plant. To control spider mites, spray the plant with water and carefully remove all the webbing. Neem oil sprayed in a solution of 1% can be used to control these pests.
It is essential to keep a close eye on Chamaecrista falcinella to spot any signs of disease or pest infestation. To prevent future issues, practice good plant hygiene by regularly cleaning up plant debris and not overcrowding plants. It is always advisable to consult a plant specialist or a horticulturist for severe infections that infect more than half of the plant. With proper care and attention, Chamaecrista falcinella will thrive and become a beautiful addition to any garden or landscape.
