Overview
Centella ulugurensis (Engl.) Domin, also known as Uluguru pennywort, is a plant species in the family Apiaceae. Indigenous to the Uluguru Mountains in Tanzania, this herbaceous perennial is commonly used in traditional African medicine for its numerous health benefits.
Description
The Uluguru pennywort has a creeping habit, and its stems grow up to 50cm long. Its leaves are small, round, and green, measuring up to 3cm in diameter. The plant produces small, pink flowers in clusters, and its fruit is a dry, flattened schizocarp.
Common Names
Besides Uluguru pennywort, this plant is also known by various other common names, including Uluguru creeping pennywort, African pennywort, and Mt. Uluguru pennywort.
Uses
The leaves of Centella ulugurensis have been traditionally used by Africans for a wide range of medicinal purposes. They are rich in flavonoids, triterpenoids, and other active compounds that are believed to promote skin health, improve memory and brain function, aid in wound healing, and alleviate anxiety, among other benefits.
In addition, the plant is commonly used in traditional African cuisine, with the leaves being used as a cooked vegetable or added to soups and stews for flavor and nutritional value.
Light Requirements
Centella ulugurensis (Engl.) Domin requires moderate to full sun to grow. In its natural habitat, it thrives in open areas with direct sunlight. However, too much direct sunlight can lead to leaf scorching, especially in hot and dry conditions. Therefore, partial shade is ideal for the plant in areas where temperatures can get high.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for Centella ulugurensis (Engl.) Domin growth is 22-28°C. The plant is native to tropical regions of Africa, and therefore, it is sensitive to frost. In areas with colder temperatures, it can be grown indoors or in warm greenhouses. Low temperatures can significantly slow down growth or even kill the plant.
Soil Requirements
Centella ulugurensis (Engl.) Domin requires well-draining soil, rich in organic matter. The soil should be slightly acidic, with pH ranging between 5.5-6.5. The plant can grow in various soils, including sandy, loam, and clay, as long as it is well-draining. The soil moisture should be consistent, but the plant can tolerate short periods of drought. Avoid waterlogged soil as it can lead to root rot.
Cultivation Methods
Centella ulugurensis (Engl.) Domin, commonly known as Water Pennywort, can be grown outdoors or indoors under appropriate conditions. The plant prefers partial shade to full sun and thrives in well-draining, sandy soil with a pH level of 6 to 7.5. It can be propagated from seeds or stem cuttings, and the best time for planting is during the rainy season.
Watering Needs
The Water Pennywort plant prefers consistently moist soil but can tolerate short periods of drought. It is essential to water the plant regularly, especially during dry spells. Overwatering can lead to root rot and other fungal diseases, so it is crucial to strike a balance. One way to test soil moisture is by sticking a finger into the soil and checking for dampness.
Fertilization
Centella ulugurensis (Engl.) Domin requires regular fertilization to promote growth and healthy foliage. A balanced fertilizer with an equal ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is ideal. Fertilization should be done every two weeks during the growing season, and the amount should be adjusted based on the plant's growth and soil quality.
Pruning
The Water Pennywort plant benefits from pruning to promote bushier growth and prevent legginess. Pruning should be done regularly by cutting back the stems to a few inches above the soil level. This encourages the plant to produce new shoots and maintain its shape. Dead leaves and stems should be removed promptly to prevent the spread of diseases and pests.
Propagation methods for Centella ulugurensis (Engl.) Domin
Centella ulugurensis (Engl.) Domin, commonly known as Ma-vie or African pennywort, is an herbaceous plant native to Tanzania and Kenya. It is a medicinal plant used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments such as wounds, skin diseases, and fever. Propagation of this plant is done mainly through cuttings and seeds.
Propagation by Cuttings
Propagation of Centella ulugurensis by cuttings is the most common method used by farmers and gardeners. The cuttings are taken from already established plants in the field or nursery, taking care to avoid damage to the parent plant. The cuttings should have at least two nodes and a few leaves. They are then planted in a well-prepared bed with sufficient water and nutrient supply, and covered with mulch to retain moisture. The cuttings typically root within two to three weeks and can be transplanted to their permanent location after four to six weeks.
Propagation by Seeds
Propagation of Centella ulugurensis by seeds is an option, although not widely practiced. The seeds are collected from mature plants and cleaned, then sown in well-draining soil at a depth of about 0.5cm. The soil should be kept moist, but not water-logged, and the seeds should germinate in two to three weeks. The seedlings can be transplanted to their permanent location after six to eight weeks when they have grown to a height of about 10cm.
Regardless of the mode of propagation, it is essential to maintain adequate moisture levels for the growing plants. They require regular watering and nutrient supply for healthy growth and development. The plants should also be protected from pests and diseases through proper cultural practices, including crop rotation and use of appropriate pesticides and fungicides.
Disease and Pest Management for Centella ulugurensis (Engl.) Domin
Centella ulugurensis is a commonly used medicinal plant that belongs to the Apiaceae family. It is also known as the African pennywort and is found in many African countries. However, like any other plant species, it is prone to pest attacks and can get affected by diseases. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect this plant and ways to manage them:
Common Diseases
1. Leaf Spot: Leaf spot disease is caused by a fungal infection and is characterized by the formation of small brown or black spots on the leaves. This can cause leaves to drop prematurely, leading to stunted growth. Management of this disease involves removing infected leaves and using fungicides to prevent the spread of the fungus.
2. Root Rot: Root rot is caused by soil-borne fungi that infect the roots of the plant, causing them to turn brown and mushy. This can lead to wilted leaves and stunted growth. To manage root rot, avoid overwatering the plant and ensure that it is planted in well-drained soil.
3. Powdery Mildew: Powdery mildew is a fungal infection that appears as a white powdery growth on the leaves of the plant. This can slow down the growth of the plant and make it look unattractive. To manage powdery mildew, remove infected leaves and use fungicides to prevent further spread of the fungus.
Common Pests
1. Aphids: Aphids are tiny insects that suck the sap from the leaves and stems of the plant, causing stunted growth and deformation of the leaves. To manage aphids, use insecticidal soap or neem oil and practice good hygiene by removing any infected leaves or debris.
2. Spider Mites: Spider mites are also sap-sucking insects that can cause yellowing and curling of the leaves, leading to stunted growth. To manage spider mites, spray the plant with a strong jet of water to dislodge them and use insecticidal soap or neem oil.
3. Whiteflies: Whiteflies are small winged insects that suck the sap from the leaves and cause yellowing and distortion of the leaves. To manage whiteflies, use sticky traps or yellow cards to trap them and use insecticidal soap or neem oil to kill them.
Overall, prevention is always better than cure when it comes to managing diseases and pests in Centella ulugurensis. Ensure that the plant is grown in well-drained soil, provide adequate water and nutrients, and practice good hygiene by removing any infected leaves or debris promptly. By doing so, you can keep your plant healthy and thriving.
