Centella macrodus (Spreng.) B.L.Burtt
Centella macrodus is a medicinal plant belonging to the family Apiaceae. It is commonly known as “Brahmi” or “Mandukaparni” and is native to South and Southeast Asia.
Appearance
The plant has creeping stems that can grow up to 50 cm in length. The leaves are small, approximately 1-3 cm in diameter, and are orbicular to reniform in shape. They have long petioles and are arranged alternately on the stem. The flowers are small, white to pink, and are arranged in umbels. The fruit is tiny and split into two halves, each containing a single seed.
Uses
Centella macrodus has been used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of ailments, including anxiety, depression, gastrointestinal disorders, and skin conditions. It is believed to improve memory and enhance cognitive function. The plant has also been used as a diuretic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory agent.
In modern times, Centella macrodus is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products due to its antioxidant and skin-healing properties. It is often used to improve skin elasticity, firmness, and texture. The plant extract is also used in hair care products due to its ability to improve circulation in the scalp and promote hair growth.
Growth Conditions for Centella macrodus (Spreng.) B.L.Burtt
Light: Centella macrodus is a shade-loving plant that thrives under indirect sunlight or partial shade. Intense sunlight can lead to leaf scorching and wilting.
Temperature: Temperature plays an essential role in the growth of Centella macrodus. This plant prefers a warm and humid environment with temperatures ranging from 22-30°C during the day and 18-22°C at night.
Soil: Centella macrodus requires well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. The soil should have a pH ranging from 4.5 to 7.5. This plant requires regular watering and should be kept moist but not waterlogged.
Fertilizer: Fertilization requirements for Centella macrodus are quite low. It is recommended to fertilize the plant with a well-balanced fertilizer during the growing season (spring-summer) at a frequency of once a month.
Propagation: Centella macrodus can be propagated by division of the parent plant during the early spring or by planting the stem cuttings. The cuttings should be taken from the healthy, new-growth branches and should be planted in well-draining soil that is kept moist until the roots develop.
Cultivation
Centella macrodus (Spreng.) B.L.Burtt is a perennial herb that grows well in warm and humid climates. It can be grown in garden beds, containers, or hanging baskets.
If grown in garden beds, make sure the soil is well-draining and rich in organic matter. The plant prefers partial shade, but it can also tolerate full sun if the soil is kept moist.
For container gardening, use a well-draining pot and a rich, loamy soil mixture. Place the container in a partially shaded area, and make sure to water the plant frequently as container-grown plants tend to dry out faster.
Watering Needs
Centella macrodus (Spreng.) B.L.Burtt requires regular watering to keep the soil moist. During hot and dry weather, the plant may need to be watered daily or every other day. However, be careful not to overwater the plant, as it can cause root rot.
When watering, make sure to water the soil around the plant and not the foliage. Watering the foliage can lead to fungal infections.
Fertilization
The plant doesn't require much fertilization, but it can benefit from a balanced fertilizer once a month during the growing season. Make sure not to over-fertilize, as it can cause the plant to become leggy.
You can also use organic fertilizers such as aged compost, worm castings, and fish emulsion.
Pruning
Pruning Centella macrodus (Spreng.) B.L.Burtt is not necessary, but it can help promote bushier growth and prevent the plant from becoming leggy.
To prune, simply pinch off the tips of the stems or prune back any wayward or damaged foliage. Make sure to use clean and sharp pruning shears to prevent the spread of disease.
Propagation of Centella macrodus (Spreng.) B.L.Burtt
Centella macrodus (Spreng.) B.L.Burtt, also known as Indian pennywort, is a perennial plant that has a creeping habit and bears small green leaves. The plant is used for medicinal purposes and is also grown as an ornamental plant. To propagate Centella macrodus, the following methods can be used:
Propagation through division
The easiest and most common method of propagating Centella macrodus is through division. This can be done by carefully digging up the plant clump and separating it into smaller sections. Each section should have roots along with some stem and foliage. The divided sections should then be planted in well-draining soil with a pH range of 6.0-7.5.
Propagation through stem cuttings
Centella macrodus can also be propagated through stem cuttings. Stem cuttings should be taken from healthy plants during the growing season. The cuttings should be about 4-6 inches in length and should have at least 2-3 leaves. The lower leaves should be removed, and the cuttings should be planted in well-draining soil, with the cut end dipped in a rooting hormone powder.
Propagation through seeds
Propagation through seeds is also possible for Centella macrodus, but it is not the preferred method as the seeds have a low germination rate. The seeds should be collected from mature plants and sown in a well-prepared seed bed. The soil should be kept moist until germination occurs, which can take up to several weeks.
Regardless of the propagation method used, it is important to provide the plant with adequate sunlight, water, and nutrients to ensure healthy growth and development.
Disease and Pest Management for Centella macrodus (Spreng.) B.L.Burtt
Diseases: Centella macrodus (Spreng.) B.L.Burtt is susceptible to several diseases, including:
- Leaf spot: This fungus causes brown spots on the leaves that may merge together and cause leaf blight. To manage this disease, remove affected leaves and improve air circulation around the plant by spacing plants out and providing adequate pruning.
- Powdery mildew: This fungal disease causes a white powdery growth on leaves and stems. To manage this disease, keep the leaves dry and avoid high humidity. Remove infected parts of the plant and treat with a fungicide.
- Root rot: This disease is caused by waterlogged soil and can cause the plant to wilt or even die. To manage this disease, ensure proper drainage and avoid overwatering.
Pests: Several pests can also attack Centella macrodus (Spreng.) B.L.Burtt, including:
- Aphids: These small insects suck sap from the plant and can cause stunted growth and deformation. Control aphids by spraying the plant with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
- Mealybugs: These pests also suck sap and can cause yellowing and wilting of the plant. Control mealybugs by physically removing them with a cotton swab dipped in alcohol or by using a systemic insecticide.
- Caterpillars: These pests can eat leaves and cause severe damage to the plant. Control caterpillars by manually removing them or by using a biological pesticide like Bacillus thuringiensis.
Regular monitoring of the plant and implementing preventive measures can help minimize the risk of disease and pest infestations. Proper cultural practices, such as providing adequate light, water, and nutrients, can also help the plant remain healthy and resist attacks from pests and diseases.
