Description of Centella macrocarpa (Rich.) Adamson var. macrocarpa
Centella macrocarpa (Rich.) Adamson var. macrocarpa, commonly known as the Big-fruited Pennywort, is a herbaceous plant belonging to the family Apiaceae. It is native to South America, particularly Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay.
Plant Appearance
Centella macrocarpa is a small plant, typically growing up to 30 cm tall. It has palmate leaves that are green in color and slightly rounded in shape, with toothed margins. The plant produces small, white or pink flowers that are held above the foliage on thin stems. It also produces small, round fruits that are about 1cm in diameter, which are edible and often used for medicinal purposes.
Common Names
Centella macrocarpa is commonly known as the Big-fruited Pennywort, but it is also known by several other names, including "Specially Large-fruit Gotu Kola," "Centella," "Ma-tung," and "Marsh Pennywort."
Uses
Centella macrocarpa has been used for centuries by various cultures for medicinal purposes. It is believed to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. The plant is often used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments such as skin problems, digestive disorders, and respiratory problems. The leaves of the plant can be eaten raw or cooked and are used in some traditional dishes in South America.
Centella macrocarpa is also commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products due to its reported benefits for skin health.
Light Conditions
Centella macrocarpa (Rich.) Adamson var. macrocarpa requires moderate to high levels of light for proper growth and development. It thrives well in partially shaded to full sun positions, but constant exposure to direct sunlight may damage the plant and lead to stunted growth.
Temperature Conditions
The ideal temperature range for the growth of Centella macrocarpa (Rich.) Adamson var. macrocarpa is between 20-30°C. This plant can tolerate a wider range of temperatures, but sudden fluctuations can affect its growth and cause stress. Extreme temperatures, such as frost and heat waves, can be detrimental to the plant.
Soil Requirements
Centella macrocarpa (Rich.) Adamson var. macrocarpa can grow in a variety of soil types, but it prefers well-drained soils rich in organic matter. It can also tolerate slightly alkaline and acidic soils, with a pH range of 6.0-8.0. The soil should be loose and porous, allowing for proper aeration and water drainage. Additionally, the plant requires regular watering to maintain the moisture levels of the soil and promote healthy growth.
Cultivation Methods for Centella macrocarpa (Rich.) Adamson var. macrocarpa
Centella macrocarpa (Rich.) Adamson var. macrocarpa is a low-growing perennial herbaceous plant that requires warm, damp, and shady growing conditions. It can be planted in well-draining soil that is enriched with organic matter, such as compost or leaf mould. The plant tends to spread, so it is best to grow it in containers or beds lined with an impermeable barrier to prevent invasive growth.
Watering Needs for Centella macrocarpa (Rich.) Adamson var. macrocarpa
The plant requires continuous moisture for optimal growth and prefers slightly acidic soil with a pH of 4.5 to 6.5. It is important to maintain a consistent level of moisture in the soil, as overwatering or underwatering can be harmful to Centella macrocarpa. It is recommended to water the plant regularly, but not excessively, to prevent root rot.
Fertilization for Centella macrocarpa (Rich.) Adamson var. macrocarpa
Fertilization can help promote the growth and vitality of Centella macrocarpa. Adding a balanced fertilizer that is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium can help improve plant growth and increase the number of leaves. A slow-release fertilizer can be added to the soil or watered in as a liquid fertilizer during the growing season.
Pruning for Centella macrocarpa (Rich.) Adamson var. macrocarpa
Pruning can be done to remove any dead or damaged leaves, stems, or flowers. It can also help to keep the plant in control and promote fuller growth. Pruning should be done sparingly and only when necessary, as Centella macrocarpa is a slow-growing plant, and excessive pruning can stunt its growth. Deadheading, or removing old flower heads, can also promote new growth and increase the lifespan of the plant.
Propagation of Centella macrocarpa (Rich.) Adamson var. macrocarpa
Centella macrocarpa (Rich.) Adamson var. macrocarpa, commonly known as "giant pennywort," is a medicinal plant that belongs to the family Mackinlayaceae. It is native to Central and South America and is often used in traditional medicine for various ailments.
Seed Propagation
One common method of propagating Centella macrocarpa is through seeds. The seeds are very small and require a well-draining and moist soil mix. They should be sowed on the surface of the soil and lightly covered. The soil should be kept moist but not too wet, and kept at a temperature of around 20 to 25°C. Germination usually takes around 2 to 4 weeks.
Vegetative Propagation
Vegetative propagation of Centella macrocarpa can also be done through stem cuttings. Cuttings should be taken from healthy plants and should be around 4 to 6 inches in length. The lower leaves of the cutting should be removed and the remaining leaves should be pruned to reduce transpiration. Cuttings should be planted in a well-draining soil mix and kept moist. Rooting usually occurs within 2 to 4 weeks.
Division Propagation
Centella macrocarpa can also be propagated through division. This method involves dividing the plant into smaller sections, each with its own root system. This can be done when the plant has become overcrowded. Carefully remove the plant from its pot and divide it with a clean, sharp knife. Replant each division into a well-draining soil mix and keep moist until it establishes new growth.
Disease and Pest Management for Centella macrocarpa (Rich.) Adamson var. macrocarpa
Centella macrocarpa (Rich.) Adamson var. macrocarpa, commonly known as “Brazilian pennywort,” is a herbaceous perennial plant that is commonly used for medicinal purposes. However, like all plants, it is susceptible to several diseases and pests that can cause damage if not properly managed. Here are some of the common diseases and pests that can affect Centella macrocarpa and ways to manage them.
Common Diseases
Anthracnose is a disease that can affect Centella macrocarpa, characterized by dark brown lesions on the leaves, stems, and petioles. To manage anthracnose, remove and destroy the affected parts of the plant and make sure the soil is well-drained to prevent waterlogging.
Powdery mildew is another disease that can affect Centella macrocarpa, usually appearing as white powdery spots on the leaves. This fungal disease can be managed by watering the plant at the base and not on the foliage to reduce humidity, providing adequate space between plants, and removing infected plant parts.
Common Pests
Aphids are common pests that can affect Centella macrocarpa. They feed on the sap of the plant, causing stunted growth, yellowing leaves, and distorted foliage. To manage aphids, use insecticidal soap or neem oil, spray the plant with a strong jet of water to dislodge them or introduce natural predators such as ladybugs.
Spider mites are another common pest that can infest Centella macrocarpa, causing yellowing and speckling of the leaves. Spider mites thrive in hot and dry conditions, so increasing humidity and watering the plant regularly can help manage the infestation. Introducing natural predators such as predatory mites can also be effective.
Caterpillars can also feed on the foliage of Centella macrocarpa, causing ragged edges on the leaves. To manage caterpillars, handpick them off the plant, introducing natural predators such as birds, or use Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) or spinosad-based insecticides.
Overall, proper care and management practices such as watering at the base, removing infected plant parts, and introducing natural predators can help prevent and manage diseases and pests that can affect Centella macrocarpa.
