Overview
Centella calcaria M.T.R.Schub. & B.-E.van Wyk, also known as limestone pennywort, is a herbaceous perennial plant in the Apiaceae family. It is native to South Africa and commonly found in rocky areas, including limestone outcrops.
Appearance
This plant has long, thin stems and leaves that grow horizontally. The leaves are small, round and have a smooth texture, measuring approximately 10mm in diameter. The flowers are also small and white, with a diameter of approximately 3mm.
Uses
Traditionally, Centella calcaria M.T.R.Schub. & B.-E.van Wyk has been used for medicinal purposes. It is believed to have antibacterial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties. The plant has been used to treat skin conditions, such as eczema, wounds, and burns. Additionally, it is believed to have cognitive-enhancing effects and has been used to treat anxiety and depression.
In addition to its medicinal uses, limestone pennywort is also used as an ornamental plant. Due to its low-growing, spreading habit, it is often used as a ground cover in rock gardens and containers.
Conclusion
Centella calcaria M.T.R.Schub. & B.-E.van Wyk is a South African plant that has both medicinal and ornamental uses. Its small, round leaves and white flowers make it an attractive addition to any garden, while its reported medicinal properties have been used for centuries in traditional medicine.
Light Requirements
Centella calcaria is a semi-shade plant that prefers bright, indirect light. Although it can tolerate some direct light, excessive exposure to sunlight can cause leaf scorching and affect the growth of the plant.
Temperature
The ideal temperature range for Centella calcaria growth is between 20°C and 28°C. Temperatures below 15°C can slow down or stop its growth, while temperatures above 35°C can cause dehydration and stress. It is important to maintain a steady temperature range for the plant to thrive.
Soil Requirements
Centella calcaria requires a well-draining soil that retains moisture. The soil pH should be between 5.5 and 7.5. Adding organic matter to the soil can help retain moisture, improve soil structure and fertility. The soil should not be allowed to dry out completely, but it should not be waterlogged as well.
Watering
Watering should be done regularly, but overwatering should be avoided. The soil should be moist to the touch, but not soaked. The frequency of watering may depend on the temperature and humidity levels in the plant's environment.
Fertilization
Fertilization should be done every 2-4 weeks during the growing season using a balanced fertilizer. Overfertilization can lead to nutrient toxicity and plant damage, so it is important to follow the recommended dosage on the fertilizer packet.
Propagation
Centella calcaria can be propagated through stem cuttings or division. Stem cuttings of 7-10 cm can be taken and planted in soil. Divisions that have roots can be planted in a suitable potting mix. Propagation should be done in the growing season for best results.
Cultivation Methods
Centella calcaria M.T.R.Schub. & B.-E.van Wyk is a herbaceous perennial plant that requires a moist and shaded environment for optimal growth. It can grow in different soil types but prefers sandy loam with good drainage. The plant is propagated by seed or cutting.
If starting from seeds, sow them in a propagation tray filled with well-draining soil, and press them lightly into the soil. Keep the soil moist but not waterlogged, and place the tray in a shaded area. The seeds will take between two and four weeks to germinate. Once the seedlings have grown to about 5cm tall, transplant them into individual pots.
Cuttings can be taken from mature plants and rooted in a rooting hormone combined with sand or perlite. Place the cuttings in a shaded area and keep the soil moist until they have rooted well. Once the roots have formed, transplant them into individual pots filled with well-draining soil.
Watering Needs
Centella calcaria M.T.R.Schub. & B.-E.van Wyk requires regular watering to maintain the moist soil. However, it is essential to avoid waterlogging, which can lead to root rot. Water the plant when the top inch of the soil feels dry to the touch. Water deeply, allowing the water to penetrate the root zone.
If growing indoors, use a tray or saucer to catch excess water and prevent waterlogging.
Fertilization
Centella calcaria M.T.R.Schub. & B.-E.van Wyk requires a light application of a balanced fertilizer every two weeks during the growing season. A suitable fertilizer should contain equal amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
Apply the fertilizer granules sparingly around the base of the plant and water deeply after application.
Pruning
Centella calcaria M.T.R.Schub. & B.-E.van Wyk requires little pruning since it is a ground-hugging plant. However, trimming the plant back regularly can help to maintain its shape and promote bushier growth.
Use a pair of sharp pruning shears to cut away any yellowing or damaged leaves. Prune back any stems that have grown too long or are reaching out of the growing area.
By following these cultivation and care guidelines, you can grow healthy and productive Centella calcaria M.T.R.Schub. & B.-E.van Wyk plants in your garden or indoor space.
Propagation of Centella calcaria M.T.R.Schub. & B.-E.van Wyk
Centella calcaria M.T.R.Schub. & B.-E.van Wyk can be propagated through two main methods: seed propagation and vegetative propagation.
Seed propagation
The seeds of Centella calcaria can be sown in well-draining soil mix during the spring season. The seeds must be sown at a shallow depth, at a distance of 10 to 15 cm apart. They need to be watered regularly to keep the soil slightly moist until germination.
Once the plants are large enough, they can be transplanted to a permanent location in the garden or container. Centella calcaria does not like to be disturbed, so it is recommended to use individual pots or planters if seed propagation is the method of choice.
Vegetative propagation
Vegetative propagation of Centella calcaria can be done through stem cuttings or division of the parent plant.
For stem cuttings, select a healthy stem and remove a section of about 5-10 cm long. Remove the lower leaves and dip the cut end in rooting hormone powder. Plant the stem cutting in well-draining soil mix and keep it slightly moist until it establishes roots.
For division, gently remove the parent plant from its container or garden bed and carefully separate the roots into sections, ensuring that each section has adequate roots and foliage. Replant each section in well-draining soil mix and keep it slightly moist until it establishes roots and new growth.
No matter which propagation method is chosen, it is essential to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged until the roots are established. Centella calcaria prefers bright, indirect light and slightly humid conditions, making it an ideal choice as an indoor houseplant.
Disease and Pest Management for Centella calcaria M.T.R.Schub. & B.-E.van Wyk
Centella calcaria M.T.R.Schub. & B.-E.van Wyk, commonly known as "Calcic Pennywort," is a herbaceous plant belonging to the Apiaceae family. Like any other plant, Calcic pennywort is susceptible to various diseases and pests. Therefore, it is essential to take necessary steps to manage them properly. Here are common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and suggestions on how to manage them:
Diseases
1. Powdery Mildew: Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that appears as a white powdery substance on the leaves, stems, and flowers of the plant. It can stunt the growth of the plant and reduce the yield. To manage powdery mildew, remove the infected parts of the plant and reduce the humidity level around the plant. Apply fungicides every seven to ten days until the disease is under control.
2. Septoria Leaf Spot: Septoria leaf spot is a fungal disease that causes black spots on the leaves. The spots can merge, and the leaves can die. To manage septoria leaf spot, remove the infected parts of the plant, improve air circulation around the plant, and avoid wetting the foliage. Apply fungicides every seven to ten days until the disease is under control.
Pests
1. Aphids: Aphids are tiny insects that suck the sap out of the plant. They can stunt the growth of the plant and transmit viruses. To manage aphids, remove the infected parts of the plant, and spray the plant with a strong jet of water to wash away the insects. Alternatively, use insecticides containing neem oil or pyrethrin.
2. Spider Mites: Spider mites are tiny arachnids that feed on the sap of the plant. They can cause yellow speckling on the leaves, and severe infestations can kill the plant. To manage spider mites, remove the infected parts of the plant, improve the air circulation around the plant and avoid over-fertilizing the plant. Use insecticides containing pyrethrin or neem oil to control the pests.
By following the above suggestions, plant growers can manage diseases and pests affecting Centella calcaria M.T.R.Schub. & B.-E.van Wyk without causing harm to the environment or human health.
