Origin
Centella affinis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Adamson var. oblonga Adamson, commonly known as marsh pennywort, is a herbaceous perennial plant that belongs to the family Apiaceae. Native to southern African countries such as South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique, the plant thrives in moist areas such as wetlands, marshes, and riverbanks.
Common Names
The plant is commonly known by different names depending on the region. Some of the common names include water pennywort, fairy parasols, navelwort, creeping pennywort, and water lily, among others.
Uses
The plant has been used for centuries in traditional medicine to treat a wide range of ailments. In Africa, it is believed to be a potent remedy for depression, anxiety, and other nervous system-related disorders. The leaves and stems of the plant are rich in triterpenoid saponins, which are believed to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The plant is also used in cosmetic products such as skin creams and lotions due to its ability to repair and rejuvenate skin cells.
General Appearance
The marsh pennywort plant has a creeping habit and grows low to the ground. It has kidney-shaped leaves that are about 1-2 cm in diameter and light green in color. The leaves are attached to the stem by a long stalk and have a slightly pungent odor when crushed. The plant produces small white or pink flowers that are inconspicuous and grow in clusters. The plant has a shallow root system and prefers to grow in damp soils.
Light Requirements
Centella affinis var. oblonga requires ample lighting for proper growth. Bright, indirect sunlight is preferred as direct sunlight can scorch the plant. If grown indoors, placing the plant near a sunny windowsill can provide enough light for the plant to thrive.
Temperature Requirements
The optimal temperature for Centella affinis var. oblonga growth is between 20°C to 35°C. The plant needs to be grown in a warm environment and is sensitive to cold temperatures. It is important to protect the plant from frost and extreme temperature changes as it can inhibit growth and cause damage to the plant.
Soil Requirements
Centella affinis var. oblonga prefers moist but well-draining soil. The soil should be rich in organic matter and have a pH level of 6.5 to 7.5. The plant can also grow in slightly acidic soils. Adding compost or organic fertilizer can provide the necessary nutrients for healthy growth. It is important to avoid overwatering as this can lead to rotting of the roots.
Cultivation
Centella affinis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Adamson var. oblonga Adamson, commonly known as water pennywort, is a perennial herb that thrives in wetland environments. It is best grown in containers or in moist garden soil that drains well. The plant prefers partial to full sun exposure, and it is hardy in USDA plant hardiness zones 7 to 10.
Watering Needs
Water pennywort requires plenty of water to grow well. Keep the soil moist at all times, making sure that it never dries out. However, avoid overwatering, as this can lead to root rot. Water the plants deeply and frequently, especially during hot and dry weather.
Fertilization
While Centella affinis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Adamson var. oblonga Adamson doesn't require much fertilization, you can add a slow-release fertilizer to the soil to give your plants a boost. Choose a balanced, granular fertilizer, and apply it in spring or early summer, according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Pruning
Pruning is not necessary for Centella affinis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Adamson var. oblonga Adamson. However, if you want to keep the plants tidy and prevent them from spreading excessively, you can remove the spent flowers and damaged leaves.
Propagation Methods of Centella affinis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Adamson var. oblonga Adamson
Centella affinis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Adamson var. oblonga Adamson, commonly known as pennywort or gotu kola, can be propagated through various methods such as division, seeds, and cuttings.
Division
Division is a simple method of propagating pennywort. The plant is dug up, and the clumps are separated into smaller plantlets, ensuring that each plantlet has a healthy root system. The separated plantlets are then replanted in well-draining soil, watered adequately, and kept in a shaded area until new growth is observed. The best time to divide pennywort is during the spring and autumn seasons.
Seeds
Centella affinis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Adamson var. oblonga Adamson can also be propagated from seeds. The small, black seeds can be collected from the matured plant and sown directly into pots filled with well-draining soil. The pots should be kept in a well-lit, warm place and kept moist. Germination takes around 2 weeks, and the seedlings should be thinned out to ensure healthy growth.
Cuttings
Cuttings are another method of propagating pennywort. The plant can easily be propagated from stem cuttings that are around 4-6 inches long. The cuttings should be taken from the matured plant during the growing season. The lower leaves should be removed, and the cuttings should be planted in a pot filled with well-draining soil. The pot should be kept in a shaded, warm area and ensured that the soil is kept moist until new growth is observed.
Disease and Pest Management for Centella affinis var. oblonga
Centella affinis var. oblonga, commonly known as Gotu kola, is a herbaceous perennial plant in the family Mackinlayaceae. It is a highly valued plant in traditional medicine for its medicinal properties. As with any crop, pests and diseases can be a major problem that can lead to significant yield losses. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect Centella affinis var. oblonga and ways to manage them.
Common Diseases
One of the most common diseases that can affect Centella affinis var. oblonga is leaf spot. This fungal disease can cause small, circular spots on the leaves, which eventually turn brown and cause the leaves to drop from the plant. To manage this disease, remove and destroy all infected plant material and avoid overhead irrigation. Additionally, avoid overcrowding of plants and ensure proper air circulation to reduce humidity levels.
Another common disease that can affect Centella affinis var. oblonga is root rot. This fungal disease can be caused by over-watering, poor drainage, and wet growing conditions. To manage this disease, ensure good drainage and avoid over-watering. Additionally, remove and destroy infected plant material, and avoid planting Centella affinis var. oblonga in poorly drained soil.
Common Pests
One of the most common insect pests that can affect Centella affinis var. oblonga is aphids. These small, sap-sucking insects can cause significant damage to the plant and reduce yield. To manage this pest, introduce natural predators such as ladybugs or lacewings. Additionally, use insecticidal soap or neem oil to control aphids. Avoid using harsh chemicals as they can be harmful to beneficial insects.
Another common pest that can affect Centella affinis var. oblonga is spider mites. These tiny, eight-legged pests can cause yellowing and stunted growth of the plant. To manage this pest, use a strong spray of water to dislodge them from the plant. Additionally, release natural predators such as predatory mites or use insecticidal soap to control spider mites.
It is always important to monitor the health of Centella affinis var. oblonga and take prompt action to manage any pests or diseases that may occur. Regular inspections and proper maintenance can help prevent and control pests and diseases, promoting a healthy and productive crop.
