Origin
Cenchrus perinvolucratus Stapf & C.E.Hubb. is a species of grass native to tropical Africa, specifically Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
Common names
The grass goes by a number of different names, including African foxtail grass, Namibian foxtail, and simply foxtail grass.
Uses
Cenchrus perinvolucratus is a valuable forage plant for livestock, and can also be used for erosion control due to its extensive root system. Additionally, the grass is used for thatching roofs and making brooms.
General appearance
Cenchrus perinvolucratus is a perennial grass that typically grows to be around 30-100 cm in height. It has dense, cylindrical spikes that are typically 2-10 cm in length and covered in bristly purple or green flowers. The blades of the grass are typically thin and wiry, and the plant as a whole often forms dense clumps.
Light Requirements
Cenchrus perinvolucratus Stapf & C.E.Hubb. prefers full sunlight for optimal growth. It is a highly tolerant plant and can also tolerate partial shade, although its growth may be compromised.
Temperature Requirements
The plant grows best in warm temperatures with minimum temperatures of 20°C and maximum temperatures of 40°C. It is highly tolerant to heat and can resist prolonged periods of drought and high temperatures. However, it does not tolerate frost or extreme low temperatures and will not grow in areas with a winter freeze.
Soil Requirements
Cenchrus perinvolucratus Stapf & C.E.Hubb. can grow on a wide range of soils, including sandy, loamy, or clay soils. The plant can tolerate soils of low fertility and can also adapt to slightly acidic or alkaline soils. However, it cannot tolerate waterlogged soils and prefers well-drained soil with a pH between 6.0 and 8.0.
Cultivation Methods
Cenchrus perinvolucratus, also known as gray-headed silver bluestem, can be propagated through seeds or vegetatively through stem cuttings. It prefers well-draining sandy soils and can tolerate drought conditions, making it suitable for regions with minimal rainfall.
Watering Needs
The plant requires moderate watering in its initial growth stages. Once established, it can thrive well with little to no irrigation. However, during times of drought, the plant may need supplemental watering.
Fertilization
Cenchrus perinvolucratus is naturally adapted to grow in poor soil conditions and thus requires minimal fertilization. Applying nitrogen-rich fertilizers or adding compost, however, can support the plant's growth and improve soil quality.
Pruning
The plants should be pruned annually to maintain its dense growth habit and prevent stem damage. It is done in late winter or early spring before new growth emerges. Pruning helps to remove dead or diseased stems, promote new growth, and encourage overall plant health.
Propagation of Cenchrus perinvolucratus Stapf & C.E.Hubb.
Cenchrus perinvolucratus, also known as African foxtail grass, is a warm-season perennial grass that is native to Africa. It is widely grown as a forage crop, ornamental plant, and erosion control plant. The plant can be propagated both sexually and asexually.
Sexual propagation
The most common method of sexual propagation for Cenchrus perinvolucratus is through its seeds. The plant produces a large number of seeds that are viable for several years if stored properly. Sowing the seeds in the spring is the best method for propagation. The seeds should be sown in well-drained soil, and they should be watered regularly until they germinate. Germination usually occurs within two weeks.
Asexual propagation
Cenchrus perinvolucratus can also be propagated asexually through vegetative means. The plant produces numerous underground stems or rhizomes that can be used for propagation. Cuttings can be taken from the rhizomes and planted in prepared soil. The cuttings should be watered regularly until they establish roots. Asexual propagation is generally quicker than sexual propagation and results in a more uniform crop.
Disease Management
Cenchrus perinvolucratus Stapf & C.E.Hubb. is susceptible to fungal pathogens such as leaf spot, blight, and rust. To manage these diseases, it is recommended to remove plant debris and maintain good sanitation practices. Crop rotation is also essential to reduce the buildup of pathogens in the soil. Additionally, avoid overhead watering as it can promote the spread of fungal spores.
Pest Management
The plant is prone to damage by pests such as aphids, grasshoppers, and spider mites. To manage aphids, release parasitic wasps that feed on them or use insecticidal soap. Grasshoppers can be controlled by using barriers and traps or using insecticides. Spider mites can be kept at bay by spraying the plants with water regularly.
It is recommended to use organic methods of pest control to avoid harming non-target organisms and to reduce the human health and environmental risks associated with synthetic pesticides. In addition to physical and cultural practices such as handpicking, pruning, and crop rotation, the use of biological control agents like beneficial insects and microbial pesticides can also be beneficial in pest management.