Origin
Cenchrus annularis Andersson, commonly known as buffelgrass, originated in Africa and was introduced to the United States in the 1930s as a forage plant. It is now found throughout much of the southwestern United States, Mexico, and South America.
Common Names
Aside from buffelgrass, Cenchrus annularis has a number of common names depending on the region. In Mexico, it is known as Zacate Buffel or Zacate Buffelillo, while in South America, it is referred to as Taki Guasu or Estrella de Agua.
Uses
Buffelgrass is often used as a forage plant for livestock due to its ability to thrive in arid and semiarid environments. It is also commonly used for erosion control and soil stabilization in areas with poor soils or little rainfall.
General Appearance
Cenchrus annularis typically grows between 2 and 4 feet tall and is characterized by long, narrow leaves. The plant produces large, cylindrical seed heads that can grow up to 6 inches long. The seeds themselves are small but have sharp spines that attach to clothing and animal fur, aiding in their dispersion.
Light Requirements
Cenchrus annularis prefers full sunlight conditions and can tolerate partial shade but grows best under direct sunlight.
Temperature Requirements
Cenchrus annularis is a warm-season grass and requires a temperature range of 25°C to 45°C (77°F to 113°F) for optimal growth. It can tolerate high temperatures and drought conditions but is susceptible to frost damage.
Soil Requirements
Cenchrus annularis prefers a well-drained soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 8.5. It can grow in a wide range of soil types, including sandy, loamy, and clay soils, but prefers soils with high organic matter content. It can also tolerate soils with low fertility and high salinity levels.
Cultivation
Cenchrus annularis Andersson can be cultivated from seeds, which should be sown in well-draining soil after the last frost of the season. The plant prefers a hot and dry climate and can be grown in areas with high temperatures and low humidity. It tolerates various soil types and can grow in poor, rocky, or sandy soils. The plant can also be propagated through stem cuttings or by dividing the roots.
Watering Needs
Cenchrus annularis Andersson is drought tolerant and can survive long periods of dry spells. However, during the growing season, the plant needs regular watering to establish its roots and promote growth. The soil should be kept moist, but not waterlogged. The frequency of watering should be reduced during the winter months.
Fertilization
The plant requires minimal fertilization, as it can thrive in poor soils. However, a balanced fertilizer can be applied during the growing season to promote growth and fruiting. A slow-release fertilizer can also be added to the soil before planting the seeds or during transplanting.
Pruning
Cenchrus annularis Andersson does not require much pruning except for the removal of dead or damaged leaves and stems. The plant can be cut back in the early spring to promote new growth. It is important to wear gloves when handling the plant, as its leaves can be sharp and cause injuries.
Propagation of Cenchrus annularis Andersson
Cenchrus annularis Andersson, also known as khaki weed, is propagated through seeds, stem cuttings, and division of rhizomes.
Propagation through seeds
Khaki weed produces viable seeds, which are dispersed by wind, water, and animals. To propagate Cenchrus annularis through seeds, one can collect the seeds directly from the plant and sow them in well-drained soil during the rainy season. The seedlings should emerge in a few weeks and can be transplanted after six months.
Propagation through stem cuttings
Propagation through stem cuttings is an easy and faster method of propagation for Cenchrus annularis. One can take stem cuttings from mature plants and plant them in moist soil. The cutting should ideally be taken in the monsoon season as it is the time when the plant is actively growing.
Propagation through division of rhizomes
Cenchrus annularis has a rhizomatous growth habit, and propagation through division of rhizomes is an effective way of multiplying the plants. The rhizomes can be divided during the dormant season when the plant growth has slowed down. The divided rhizomes can be planted in well-drained soil with organic matter.
Disease Management
Cenchrus annularis Andersson is susceptible to various diseases, including leaf spot, rust, and powdery mildew. These diseases can reduce the plant's productivity and lead to stunted growth.
To manage these diseases, it is important to practice good cultural management practices, such as crop rotation, using disease-resistant varieties, and avoiding planting in areas with a history of the disease. Fungicides can also be used to control the spread of the disease.
Pest Management
Several pests can attack Cenchrus annularis Andersson, including armyworms, aphids, and cutworms. These pests can cause significant damage to the plant and reduce the crop yield.
One way to manage these pests is to use integrated pest management approaches, such as releasing natural predators, using pheromone traps, and practicing crop rotation. Chemical control can also be used, but it is important to follow the recommended dosage to avoid harming beneficial insects and pollinators.
Regular monitoring of the plant is important to identify any pest or disease infestation early and take necessary control measures.
