Overview
Celtis soyauxii Engl. is a plant species in the hemp family (Cannabaceae) native to tropical Africa.
Common Names
The plant is commonly known as sokoyokoto in Nigeria, while in other African countries, it is known as lele, nkali, or osisi.
Appearance
Celtis soyauxii is a deciduous tree that grows up to 40 meters in height with a spreading crown. The leaves are alternate, simple, and ovate to elliptic in shape. The leaf margin is entire with a glossy upper surface and a dull lower surface. The tree produces small greenish-white flowers in clusters and the fruit is a small, fleshy drupe that is edible.
Uses
The fruit of Celtis soyauxii is edible and is used for food in some African countries. The tree bark and leaves are used for medicinal purposes. A decoction of the bark is used to treat fever, cough, and stomach ache, while the leaves are used to treat skin infections and as a diuretic. The wood is used for furniture, carving, and construction.
Typical Growth Conditions for Celtis soyauxii Engl.
Celtis soyauxii Eng., commonly known as the African hackberry, is a deciduous tree that typically grows up to 15 meters tall and 75 centimeters in diameter. It is found in various African countries, including South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique. This plant thrives in semi- to fully shaded forests, savannas, and rocky areas.
Light Requirements
African hackberry trees grow best in partial to full shade. They do not tolerate full sunlight exposure, which can cause leaf scorching and stunted growth. In their natural habitat, these trees usually grow under the canopy of taller trees, allowing them to receive adequate light without direct sun exposure. Therefore, they should be planted in a site that receives filtered or partial sunlight, especially during the midday hours.
Temperature Requirements
Celtis soyauxii Eng. is adapted to various climatic conditions, including hot and cold temperatures. This tree can withstand temperatures as low as -5 degrees Celsius and as high as 40 degrees Celsius. However, it prefers areas with a moderate to warm temperature between 18 to 30 degrees Celsius, which is optimal for its growth and development. These temperatures also support the growth of the tree's leaves, flowers, and fruits.
Soil Requirements
African hackberry trees grow well in a fertile, well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. It can tolerate a wide range of soil types, including sandy, loamy, and clay soils. However, it prefers moist, slightly acidic soil with a pH level between 5.5 and 7.5. In addition, this plant can tolerate a certain level of soil salinity, making it suitable for planting near the coastline.
Overall, to ensure optimal growth and development of Celtis soyauxii Eng., it is essential to provide it with partial to full shade, a moderate to warm temperature, and a fertile, well-drained, slightly acidic soil. Proper care and maintenance of these conditions can help establish a healthy and thriving African hackberry tree.
Cultivation of Celtis soyauxii Engl.
Celtis soyauxii Engl., commonly known as the West African white stinkwood, grows well in a range of soils and climates, although it prefers well-draining soils and full sun exposure. It is a relatively hardy plant and can tolerate moderate levels of drought and high winds.
Watering Needs
Celtis soyauxii Engl. requires regular watering during the first few years of its life to establish an extensive root system. Thereafter, it can tolerate moderate levels of drought, but it is best to water it deeply once a week during dry spells in summer. Avoid overwatering, as waterlogged soil can lead to root rot and the decline of the tree.
Fertilization
Fertilization is usually not necessary for mature Celtis soyauxii Engl. trees, as they can manage with minimal nutrients. It is, however, advisable for young trees to boost their growth and development. Apply a slow-release fertilizer to the soil annually in early spring, before the onset of new growth.
Pruning
Celtis soyauxii Engl. requires minimal pruning, but it is essential to remove dead, damaged, or diseased branches promptly. Remove any branches that grow towards the center of the tree to promote healthy growth and a balanced crown. Prune young trees to develop a strong central leader and a pleasing shape. Avoid over-pruning, as it can weaken the tree and limit its lifespan.
Propagation of Celtis soyauxii Engl.
Celtis soyauxii Engl., commonly known as Soyaux's Celtis, is a deciduous tree species that is mainly propagated through seeds and cuttings. Propagation of Celtis soyauxii has proved to be a relatively easy process, making it popular among many plant enthusiasts.
Propagation by seeds
Propagation by seeds is the most common method of propagating Celtis soyauxii. The seeds are obtained from mature fruits collected from the tree during the fall. The fruits are then washed to remove the fleshy part and the seeds are left to dry in a cool, dry place for a few days.
Once dry, the seeds are sown in a moist soil mixture at about 1 to 2 inches deep. The soil mixture should be composed of equal parts of sand, peat moss, and vermiculite. The seeds are then covered with a thin layer of soil and watered gently. The seedlings should be kept moist and in a well-lit area, but out of direct sunlight.
The seedlings should begin to emerge after two to four weeks, and once they have formed their second set of true leaves, they can be transplanted into individual containers. The young plants should be monitored regularly to ensure that they are growing well and are free from pests and diseases.
Propagation by cuttings
Propagation by cuttings is another method of propagating Celtis soyauxii. This method involves collecting semi-hardwood cuttings from the tree during the summer months. Semi-hardwood cuttings are taken from the current year's growth, and they should be approximately 6 inches long.
The cuttings are then treated with a rooting hormone and planted in a well-draining soil mixture. The soil mixture should be kept moist but not waterlogged, and the cuttings should be kept in a well-lit area, but out of direct sunlight.
Roots should form on the cuttings after two to four weeks, and once they have formed a good root system, they can be transplanted into individual containers or directly into the ground.
Propagation of Celtis soyauxii through seeds and cuttings has been successful in many instances, making this a popular tree species for gardeners and plant enthusiasts alike.
Disease and Pest Management for Celtis soyauxii Engl.
Celtis soyauxii Engl., commonly known as the African nettle tree or sugarberry, is a drought-resistant plant that belongs to the family Ulmaceae. However, like any living organism, it is susceptible to diseases and pests that can affect its growth and survival. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect Celtis soyauxii and how to manage them:
Diseases
Root Rot: Overwatering or poor drainage can cause root rot, which can lead to wilting, yellowing of leaves, and plant death. To avoid root rot, ensure that the soil has good drainage, and avoid overwatering the plant. If root rot has already occurred, remove the affected parts of the plant and avoid overwatering in the future.
Anthracnose: Anthracnose is a fungal disease that can cause leaf spot, twig blight, and cankers. To manage anthracnose, prune the affected branches and remove all fallen leaves and twigs from around the tree. Apply fungicides to control the disease if necessary.
Pests
Scale Insects: Scale insects can cause stunted growth, leaf yellowing, and wilting. To manage scale insects, scrape off the scales from the leaves and twigs using a soft brush or cotton swab dipped in alcohol. Apply insecticides to control the infestation if necessary.
Spider Mites: Spider mites can cause yellowing of leaves and the formation of webs. To manage spider mites, spray the plant with water to dislodge the mites and dust the leaves with sulfur. Apply insecticides to control the infestation if necessary.
By taking these precautions, you can ensure that your Celtis soyauxii remains healthy and thrives for years to come.
