Origin
Celtis lindheimeri Engelm. ex K. Koch is a deciduous tree native to Texas, Oklahoma, and Louisiana in the United States and northern Mexico. It belongs to the family Cannabaceae and is related to hackberries and cannabis.
Common Names
The common names of Celtis lindheimeri Engelm. ex K. Koch include Whitebark Hackberry, Lindheimer Hackberry, and Lindheimer's Nettle Tree.
Uses
Celtis lindheimeri Engelm. ex K. Koch has several uses. The fruits of the tree are edible and are consumed by birds and mammals. The bark and leaves have medicinal properties and are used in traditional medicine to treat sore throats, coughs, and fever. The wood of the tree is used in furniture making and for fuel.
General Appearance
The Celtis lindheimeri Engelm. ex K. Koch tree can grow up to 50 feet tall and has a rounded, spreading crown. The leaves are deciduous, alternate, and oblong to lanceolate in shape. They have serrated margins and are about 1 to 3 inches long. The tree produces small green flowers in spring, followed by small purple fruits in the fall. The bark is light gray and smooth, and the wood is hard and durable.
Light Conditions
Celtis lindheimeri Engelm. ex K. Koch is a relatively shade-tolerant plant and can grow well in partial shade conditions. However, it thrives best under direct sunlight for up to 6 hours a day. Excess shade can cause slow growth, weak branches, and poor fruit production.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for the growth of Celtis lindheimeri Engelm. ex K. Koch is between 20-30°C (68-86°F). However, the plant can also tolerate low temperatures of up to -10°C (14°F) in winter. High temperatures of above 35°C (95°F) can be detrimental to plant growth and development.
Soil Conditions
Celtis lindheimeri Engelm. ex K. Koch prefers well-drained soils with good moisture-holding capacity. The soil should be rich in organic matter, with a pH ranging from neutral to slightly alkaline (6.5-7.5). The plant can grow in a variety of soil types, including clay, loam, and sandy soils. However, the soil should have good aeration to allow for root growth and prevent waterlogging, which can lead to root rot.
Cultivation Method for Celtis Lindheimeri Engelm. Ex K. Koch
Celtis Lindheimeri Engelm. ex K. Koch, also known as the Texas Sugarberry, is a versatile tree that can grow in a variety of locations and soil conditions. It is primarily used for ornamental purposes due to its distinctive bark, leaves, and berries. When planting Celtis Lindheimeri Engelm. ex K. Koch, it's important to consider the desired height and canopy width of the tree, as well as factors like soil drainage, sun exposure, and wind conditions.
Before planting, dig a hole that is two to three times as wide as the tree's root ball and deep enough to cover the roots. Mix in organic compost to enrich the soil and improve drainage. Water the tree thoroughly after planting and place a layer of mulch around the base to retain moisture.
Watering Needs for Celtis Lindheimeri Engelm. Ex K. Koch
Celtis Lindheimeri Engelm. ex K. Koch is drought-tolerant, but young trees should be watered regularly to establish deep roots. The tree requires about an inch of water per week, either from rain or irrigation. When watering, avoid getting the leaves wet to prevent fungus growth and water in the morning to allow time for excess moisture to evaporate before nighttime.
Fertilization for Celtis Lindheimeri Engelm. Ex K. Koch
Celtis Lindheimeri Engelm. ex K. Koch can benefit from fertilization, especially when young and in the early stages of growth. A balanced fertilizer with a ratio of 10-10-10 or 8-8-8 can be applied in early spring or early fall. Be sure to follow the instructions on the fertilizer package regarding application rates and how to apply. Over-fertilization can damage the tree, so apply fertilizer sparingly.
Pruning for Celtis Lindheimeri Engelm. Ex K. Koch
Celtis Lindheimeri Engelm. ex K. Koch is a slow-growing tree and does not require frequent pruning. However, occasional pruning may be necessary to shape the tree, remove dead or damaged branches, or to maintain a desired size. Prune in late winter or early spring before new growth begins. Use sharp, sterilized pruning shears and make clean cuts at a slight angle. Avoid removing more than 25% of the tree's canopy at one time to prevent stress. Remove the suckers growing from the base of the tree and any branches that are crossing or rubbing against each other.
Propagation of Celtis lindheimeri Engelm. ex K. Koch
Celtis lindheimeri Engelm. ex K. Koch, also known as Mexican hackberry, can be propagated by both seed and cutting.
Seed Propagation
Seed propagation is the easiest method to propagate Celtis lindheimeri. The seeds should be sown in a well-draining potting mix in the spring, covering them with about 1/4 inch of soil. The pot should then be kept moist and placed in a location where it will receive bright, indirect light. Germination usually occurs within 2-4 weeks. Once the seedlings have grown large enough to handle, they can be transplanted into their own pots or directly into the ground.
Cutting Propagation
Cutting propagation of Celtis lindheimeri is a bit more difficult, but still possible. The cuttings should be taken from the current year's growth in the summer, and should be about 6 inches long. Remove all but the top two leaves, and dip the cut end in rooting hormone. The cutting should then be placed in a well-draining potting mix, and covered with a plastic bag to increase humidity. The cutting should be kept moist and in bright, indirect light until roots have formed, which should take about 6-8 weeks. Once roots have formed, the plant can be transplanted into its own pot or directly into the ground.
Disease Management
Celtis lindheimeri Engelm. ex K. Koch is a relatively disease-resistant plant. However, it can still be affected by some common plant diseases:
- Anthracnose: This is a fungal disease that causes brown lesions on leaves and stems, eventually leading to defoliation. To manage anthracnose, prune affected branches and leaves, and dispose of them properly. Applying fungicides can also be effective.
- Root rot: This is a disease caused by various fungal organisms that attack the plant roots, leading to stunted growth and wilting. To prevent root rot, ensure good drainage and avoid overwatering. There are no fungicides effective against root rot, and infected plants should be removed and destroyed immediately.
Pest Management
Celtis lindheimeri Engelm. ex K. Koch is susceptible to infestations by various pests, including:
- Aphids: These are small, soft-bodied insects that suck sap from the plant's leaves and stems, causing stunted growth and yellowing of leaves. They can be controlled by spraying the plant with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
- Spider mites: These are tiny, wingless creatures that feed on the plant's sap, causing yellowing and browning of leaves. They can be controlled by spraying the plant with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
- Caterpillars: These are the larvae of butterflies and moths that feed on the plant's leaves, causing small holes and wilting. They can be controlled by handpicking or applying Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) spray.
Regularly inspecting the plant for signs of pests and disease is crucial to manage and prevent infestations. Using organic and non-toxic methods to manage pests and diseases is recommended, especially if the plant is grown for consumption or in a sensitive location such as a school or park.
