The Plant Celtis laevigata Willd. var. brachyphylla Sarg.
Celtis laevigata Willd. var. brachyphylla Sarg. is a deciduous tree species that belongs to the family Ulmaceae. It is commonly known as Southern Hackberry, Sugarberry or Texas Sugarberry. The tree has its origin in southeastern and south-central United States, from Virginia to Florida and westward to Texas.
General Appearance
Celtis laevigata Willd. var. brachyphylla Sarg. can grow up to a height of 70 feet and can reach a width of 50 feet with a gracefully arching crown. The tree has a rounded habit when young, and when it matures it has a more open spreading form. The bark of the tree is light gray in color, corky, and covered with wart-like bumps and furrows. The leaves of the tree are alternately arranged, simple, and ovate in shape, with a glossy dark green color above and paler underneath. The petioles of the tree are usually long and reddish-brown in color.
Uses
Celtis laevigata Willd. var. brachyphylla Sarg. is an important tree species for its many uses. The tree provides shade, wildlife habitat, and is also used for erosion control and as an ornamental plant. The fruit of the tree is an important food source for birds and wildlife. The tree also has medicinal uses as it is used in herbal medicine to treat sore throats and as a diuretic. Additionally, the tree's wood is hard, heavy, and used in the construction of furniture, tool handles, and fence posts.
Typical Growth Conditions for Celtis laevigata Willd. var. brachyphylla Sarg.
Celtis laevigata Willd. var. brachyphylla Sarg., commonly known as southern hackberry or sugarberry, is a medium-sized deciduous tree that can grow up to 50 feet tall. Native to the southeastern United States, it primarily grows in wetlands, along riverbanks, and in bottomland forests.
Light Requirements
Southern hackberry prefers full sun to partial shade. In shaded areas, it may not grow as tall as it would in full sun. However, since it is a tree of wetlands and riverbanks, it can tolerate some shade.
Temperature Requirements
Southern hackberry is hardy in USDA zones 5-9. It generally prefers a temperate climate, with average temperatures ranging from 60-90 °F during the growing season. It can also tolerate cold temperatures during the dormant period, but extreme cold can damage the tree.
Soil Requirements
Southern hackberry is adaptable to a range of soil types, including sandy, loamy, and clay soils. However, it prefers soils that are moist and well-drained. It can also tolerate moderately saline soils and temporary flooding. The tree grows well in areas with high water tables, and it can help stabilize the soil in wetlands and along riverbanks.
Cultivation Methods
Celtis laevigata Willd. var. brachyphylla Sarg. is a plant that requires well-drained soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH. It prefers full sun to partial shade and is commonly grown in USDA hardiness zones 7-10. The plant can be propagated from seed, cuttings, or by dividing the root ball.
Watering Needs
The watering needs of Celtis laevigata Willd. var. brachyphylla Sarg. depend on the season and the specific weather conditions. During the growing season, the plant requires more frequent watering, especially during periods of drought. Water the plant deeply at the base, being careful to avoid getting the leaves wet. During the dormant period, watering can be reduced, but it is important to keep the soil moist and not let it dry out completely.
Fertilization
Celtis laevigata Willd. var. brachyphylla Sarg. does not require heavy fertilization, but it can benefit from a balanced slow-release fertilizer applied twice a year, in early spring and late summer. Overfertilization can lead to excessive vegetative growth and fewer flowers and fruits. Always follow the manufacturer's instructions and avoid applying fertilizer directly to the leaves or stem.
Pruning
Celtis laevigata Willd. var. brachyphylla Sarg. can benefit from pruning to control its shape, size, and overall health. Prune the plant during the dormant period, in late winter or early spring, before new growth emerges. Use sharp, clean pruning shears to remove dead, damaged, or diseased branches. Also, remove any suckers or water sprouts growing from the base of the plant. Lastly, thin out crowded or crossing branches to improve air circulation and light penetration.
Propagation of Celtis laevigata Willd. var. brachyphylla Sarg.
Celtis laevigata Willd. var. brachyphylla Sarg., commonly known as Sugarberry or Southern hackberry, can be propagated through several methods. The plant is known for its hardiness and adaptability, making it a popular choice among gardeners.
Seed propagation
Sugarberry trees can be propagated through seeds. The seeds should be collected from fully ripened fruit in the fall. The fleshy fruit should be removed, and the seeds cleaned and stored in a cool, dry place. In the spring, the seeds can be planted directly in the soil or started in containers. The seedlings will require regular watering and a well-draining soil mix.
Cuttings propagation
Cuttings can also be used to propagate Sugarberry trees. Hardwood cuttings should be taken in the late fall or early winter, while softwood cuttings can be taken in the spring. The cuttings should be approximately six to eight inches long and planted in a well-draining soil mix. The cuttings should be kept moist and the soil temperature should be kept at around 68 degrees Fahrenheit.
Suckers propagation
Sugarberry trees can also be propagated through suckers. Suckers are new shoots that grow from the tree's roots. These shoots should be removed from the parent tree and planted in a soil mix with good drainage. The suckers should be watered regularly and the soil kept moist until they have established roots.
Regardless of the propagation method chosen, it is important to note that Celtis laevigata Willd. var. brachyphylla Sarg. is a slow-growing tree. It can take several years for the trees to reach maturity. However, with proper care and maintenance, Sugarberry trees can make a beautiful addition to any landscape.
Disease Management for Celtis laevigata Willd. var. brachyphylla Sarg.
Celtis laevigata Willd. var. brachyphylla Sarg. is generally resistant to diseases. However, it can still be affected by several fungal and viral diseases, including:
- Cedar Apple Rust:This disease causes yellow spots on the leaves, which later turn brown, leading to defoliation. It can be treated with fungicides.
- Anthracnose: This disease affects the leaves, causing brown spots. It can be treated with fungicides.
- Leaf Spots: These are generally caused by fungi and can be treated with fungicides.
The best way to prevent diseases is to keep the tree healthy. Fertilize it properly, prune it when necessary, and water it regularly. Inspect the plant regularly, and remove infected leaves or branches.
Pest Management for Celtis laevigata Willd. var. brachyphylla Sarg.
Celtis laevigata Willd. var. brachyphylla Sarg. can be affected by several pests, including:
- Aphids:These insects suck sap from the leaves, causing them to curl and become distorted. They can be treated with insecticidal soap.
- Scale Insects: These insects appear as small bumps on the stems and leaves. They can be treated with horticultural oil.
- Leafhoppers: These insects cause yellowing of leaves and distortion of new growth. They can be treated with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
The best way to prevent pest problems is to keep the plant healthy and stress-free. Proper irrigation, pruning, and fertilization can help keep pests at bay. Cover the plant with a lightweight fabric or netting to prevent insects from laying eggs on it. Avoid using pesticides unless necessary, as they can harm beneficial insects like bees and butterflies.
