Origin and Common Names
Celtis franksiae N.E.Br. is a species of tree in the Cannabaceae family, native to southern Africa. It is commonly known as the White Stinkwood, a reference to the pungent scent of its foliage, or the Kaapse Netelbos, which translates to "Cape Nettle Tree" in Afrikaans.
Uses
The White Stinkwood tree is highly valued for its ornamental and shade-giving properties. It grows tall and wide, with a dense canopy of dark green leaves that turn yellow in the fall. Its trunk is smooth and grey, and its bark peels off in strips to reveal a light brown underneath.
Aside from its aesthetic value, the White Stinkwood also has cultural significance in southern Africa. In traditional medicine, its bark and leaves are used to treat a variety of ailments, including coughs, fever, and rheumatism. The tree's wood is also used in carving and furniture-making.
General Appearance
The White Stinkwood tree can grow up to 20 meters tall, with a spread of 15 meters. Its leaves are ovate or elliptical in shape, with a serrated edge and a pointed tip. The tree produces clusters of small, white flowers in the spring, which are followed by round, black fruits that are a favorite of birds.
While the White Stinkwood is resilient and can grow in a variety of soils and climates, it prefers well-drained soil and full sunlight. It is commonly found in parks, gardens, and along the edges of forests and wetlands.
Light Requirements
Celtis franksiae N.E.Br. grows best in partially shaded areas, receiving about 4-6 hours of indirect sunlight per day. Full sun exposure may cause leaf scorching, while too much shade may result in weak growth and sparse foliage. Bright, filtered light is ideal for this plant.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for Celtis franksiae N.E.Br. is between 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F). This plant is sensitive to extreme temperatures and can be damaged by frost and freezing. During the winter months, it is recommended to keep the plant in a protected area or move it indoors to a heated space as needed.
Soil Requirements
Celtis franksiae N.E.Br. prefers well-draining, moist soil with a slightly acidic pH level ranging from 5.5 to 6.5. The soil should be rich in organic matter and nutrients, while also allowing for proper water drainage. Avoid water-logged soil and aim for adequate soil moisture retention without causing water stress.
Cultivation
Celtis franksiae N.E.Br., commonly known as Frank's Hackberry, is a deciduous tree that thrives in well-drained soil. This tree requires full sunlight, but it can also grow well in partial shade. It is best to plant the tree in a location that is sheltered from strong winds, as it is susceptible to wind damage. Plant the tree in the spring, and ensure that the soil is moist before planting.
Watering Needs
Celtis franksiae N.E.Br. requires regular watering during its first year of growth. It is best to keep the soil moist, but not waterlogged. Once the tree is established, it can tolerate drought conditions, but it is still best to water it during prolonged periods of dry weather. A good rule of thumb is to water the tree once a week, unless it has rained significantly enough to moisten the soil.
Fertilization
Frank's Hackberry tree does not require regular fertilization. However, if the tree is not growing as well as it should be, it may need nutrient supplementation. A good general-purpose fertilizer, such as a 10-10-10 or 20-20-20 blend, can be used once or twice a year during the growing season. Follow the package instructions for dosing and application.
Pruning
Celtis franksiae N.E.Br. requires minimal pruning, but it may benefit from the occasional trimming to maintain its shape and structure. Pruning should be done during the winter months when the tree is dormant. Dead, diseased, or damaged branches should be removed, as well as any crossing or rubbing branches. It is also a good idea to remove any small sprouts that grow from the base of the tree as they can divert energy away from the main trunk.
Propagation of Celtis franksiae N.E.Br.
Celtis franksiae, commonly known as the Frank's Hackberry, is a deciduous tree that is primarily found in South Africa. This plant can be propagated by seeds and cuttings.
Propagation by seeds
Propagation by seeds is the easiest and most common method of propagating Celtis franksiae. The seeds should be collected from the ripe fruit. The fruit can be left to ripen on the tree, or it can be collected from the ground after it has fallen. The seeds should be cleaned and dried before sowing.
After cleaning and drying the seeds, they can be sown in a seedbed or individual containers filled with a mixture of sand and potting soil. It's important to keep the soil moist until the seeds have germinated, which can take up to six weeks. Once the seedlings have grown big enough to handle, they can be transplanted into larger containers or directly into the ground.
Propagation by cuttings
Propagation by cuttings is another viable option for Celtis franksiae. Softwood cuttings should be taken in spring or early summer from the current season's growth. Hardwood cuttings can be taken in autumn or winter when the plant is dormant.
The cuttings should be between 10-15 cm in length and should be taken from healthy, disease-free plants. The bottom of the cutting should be dipped in rooting hormone before being planted in containers filled with a mixture of sand and potting soil. The cuttings should be kept moist and warm, and should be protected from direct sunlight until they have rooted. This method of propagation can take up to two months.
Disease and Pest Management for Celtis franksiae N.E.Br.
Celtis franksiae N.E.Br. is a tree species that is native to South Africa. Although it is generally healthy and robust, it can sometimes be affected by certain pests and diseases. Effective disease and pest management practices are essential to ensure that the plant remains healthy and productive.
Common Diseases
Root Rot: Root rot caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi is a common problem in Celtis franksiae N.E.Br. The disease can cause yellowing, wilting, and eventual death of the tree. Proper drainage and avoiding excessive irrigation can help prevent root rot. Fungicides can also be used to manage the disease, but they may not be effective in severe cases.
Leaf Spot: Leaf spot is a fungal disease that causes circular, dark spots on the leaves of Celtis franksiae N.E.Br. Infected leaves may eventually turn yellow and fall off the tree. To manage leaf spot, it is recommended to remove any infected plant material and maintain good plant hygiene. Fungicides can also be used to prevent further spread of the disease.
Common Pests
Aphids: Aphids are small, soft-bodied insects that suck the sap of the tree leaves and stems. Infested plants may have stunted growth and yellowed or curled leaves. To manage aphids, insecticidal soap or oil can be used. Beneficial insects like ladybugs and lacewings can also be released to control aphids naturally.
Mites: Spider mites are tiny pests that feed on the sap of the plants. They prefer hot and dry conditions and can cause yellowing and distortion of leaves. To manage spider mites, keep the tree well watered, and maintain high humidity levels. Insecticidal soap or oil can also be used to control the mites.
By practicing these disease and pest management strategies, you can help to keep your Celtis franksiae N.E.Br. trees healthy and productive.
