Introduction
Cathormion altissimum (Hook.f.) Hutch. & Dandy var. busiraensis G.C.C.Gilbert & Boutique, commonly known as Busira cathormion, is a perennial plant that belongs to the family Apiaceae. It is native to the alpine regions of East Africa, particularly in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda.Appearance
Busira cathormion is a tall, erect herb that grows up to 4 meters high. Its stem is cylindrical and has a rough texture with visible horizontal and vertical lines. The leaves are green and deeply divided into three to five lobes, with each lobe having pointed, toothed edges. The plant produces small, white flowers in umbels that are supported by long stalks. The fruits are small and dry, with a diameter of about 3 mm, and have a curved shape.Uses
Busira cathormion has always been an important plant for the local communities in the region where it is found. Its roots and stems are used to treat a wide range of ailments, including stomach disorders, respiratory infections, and wounds. The plant contains essential oils that have antiviral, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. It is also used to repel insects due to its strong smell. Aside from its medicinal value, Busira cathormion is also used to make brooms by the local people. Its stems are strong, flexible, and durable, making them ideal for producing brooms that are used for sweeping floors, compounds, and gardens. In addition, the plant has ornamental value because of its attractive flowers and foliage.Conclusion
Busira cathormion is a valuable plant that has various uses for the local communities in East Africa. Its medicinal, insect-repelling, and broom-making properties provide tangible benefits to the people. In addition, its ornamental value makes it an attractive addition to gardens and landscapes.Growth Conditions for Cathormion altissimum var. busiraensis
Cathormion altissimum var. busiraensis (Hook.f.) Hutch. & Dandy is a shrub species that belongs to the genus Cathormion. It is commonly found in rocky areas of Busira Hills in the Kajiado District of Kenya. The following are the typical growth conditions of Cathormion altissimum var. busiraensis:
Light
Cathormion altissimum var. busiraensis prefers to grow in areas with full or partial sunlight exposure. It can tolerate partially shaded areas, but it may grow taller and have less foliage compared to those grown in areas with full sunlight exposure.
Temperature
The optimal temperature range for the growth of Cathormion altissimum var. busiraensis is between 18°C to 28°C. It can tolerate temperatures as low as 10°C and as high as 35°C, but growth may slow down under extreme conditions. This plant prefers areas with low to moderate humidity, and it can tolerate drought conditions.
Soil
Cathormion altissimum var. busiraensis prefers well-drained soils and can tolerate rocky or sandy soils. It can grow in soils with a pH range of 5 to 7.5. This plant can tolerate moderate levels of salinity in the soil, and it can also grow in areas with poor nutrient availability.
In summary, Cathormion altissimum var. busiraensis is a shrub species that prefers to grow in areas with full or partial sunlight exposure, moderate temperature, low to moderate humidity, well-drained soils, and a pH range of 5 to 7.5. It can tolerate drought, rocky or sandy soils, low nutrient availability, and moderate salinity in the soil.
Cultivation Methods
Cathormion altissimum (Hook.f.) Hutch. & Dandy var. busiraensis G.C.C.Gilbert & Boutique is a hardy plant that can thrive in a wide range of conditions. It is best grown in well-draining soil with added organic matter. The plant prefers full to partial sun, but it can also tolerate shade. The optimum temperature for growing Cathormion altissimum var. busiraensis is between 20°C and 30°C.
Propagation can be done through seeds or cuttings. For seeds, sow them in well-draining soil and keep the soil moist until germination occurs. For cuttings, take stem cuttings in the spring or fall, and plant them in well-draining soil. Keep them moist and in indirect light until roots form.
Watering Needs
Cathormion altissimum var. busiraensis prefers moist soil, but it does not tolerate waterlogging. Therefore, watering should be done only when the top inch of soil is dry to the touch. During hot summer months, it may require more frequent watering. However, it is important not to overwater the plant, as it can lead to root rot.
Fertilization
The plant benefits from regular fertilization during the growing season. Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer every two to three weeks. Alternatively, use a slow-release fertilizer during the growing season. Be careful not to over-fertilize, as it can lead to excessive foliar growth and poor flowering.
Pruning
Cathormion altissimum var. busiraensis requires minimal pruning. Remove any dead or diseased stems or leaves as soon as they appear. To maintain a bushy growth habit, pinch back the tips of new growth in the spring. You can also remove spent flowers to encourage more blooms. Prune the plant in the fall to remove any unwanted growth and shape the plant.
Propagation Methods for Cathormion altissimum (Hook.f.) Hutch. & Dandy var. busiraensis G.C.C.Gilbert & Boutique
Cathormion altissimum (Hook.f.) Hutch. & Dandy var. busiraensis G.C.C.Gilbert & Boutique, also known as Busira rockcress, is a rare and endangered plant that is endemic to the Busira area in Tanzania. Propagation of this plant is critical in conserving and increasing its populations. There are two main methods of propagation for this plant: seed propagation and vegetative propagation.
Seed Propagation
Seed propagation is the most common method of propagating Cathormion altissimum (Hook.f.) Hutch. & Dandy var. busiraensis G.C.C.Gilbert & Boutique. The seeds should be collected from mature plants during the fruiting period. The fruit is a dry capsule that splits along four lines to reveal tiny seeds. These seeds should be planted in well-prepared soil in a nursery or propagation bed. The ideal time to plant the seeds is at the beginning of the rainy season. The seeds should be lightly covered with soil and watered regularly. They will usually germinate within three weeks.
The seedlings can be transplanted into individual pots or planted directly in the ground after they have grown to a sufficient size. It is important to acclimatize the seedlings slowly to outdoor conditions to prevent them from experiencing shock.
Vegetative Propagation
Vegetative propagation is another method of propagating Cathormion altissimum (Hook.f.) Hutch. & Dandy var. busiraensis G.C.C.Gilbert & Boutique. This method involves taking cuttings from mature plants and rooting them in a propagation bed or nursery. The cuttings should be taken from the upper parts of the plant and should have at least two nodes. The leaves should be removed from the stem to reduce water loss.
The cuttings should be planted in well-draining soil and kept moist. They should be placed in a shaded area to prevent them from drying out. Roots should begin to appear within a month, and the rooted cuttings can be transplanted into individual pots or planted directly in the ground. The cuttings should be watered regularly to ensure successful establishment.
Disease and Pest Management for Cathormion altissimum var. busiraensis
Cathormion altissimum var. busiraensis is generally a hardy plant and not prone to major disease or pest infestations. However, as with any plant, there are some potential issues to be aware of.
Common Diseases
One of the common diseases that can affect Cathormion altissimum var. busiraensis is powdery mildew. This fungal disease appears as a white, powdery coating on the leaves and can weaken the plant over time. To prevent powdery mildew, it is important to ensure that the plant is growing in well-drained soil and has adequate air circulation. Regularly removing any heavily infected leaves can also help prevent the spread of the disease.
Another potential disease is rust, which appears as reddish-brown spots on the undersides of leaves. This fungal disease can cause leaves to yellow and fall off. To manage rust, it is important to remove any infected leaves immediately and to ensure that the plant is not over-watered.
Common Pests
The most common pests affecting Cathormion altissimum var. busiraensis are spider mites and aphids. Spider mites can cause the plant to yellow and wilt, while aphids can cause leaves to curl and distort. To prevent infestations, it is important to keep the plant well-hydrated and free from dust and debris. Natural predators such as ladybugs can also help control spider mite and aphid populations.
If an infestation occurs, insecticidal soaps or oils can be effective in controlling both spider mites and aphids. However, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully and to avoid using harsh chemicals that can harm beneficial insects.
Regular monitoring and early intervention are key to managing any potential diseases or pests in Cathormion altissimum var. busiraensis. With proper care, this plant can thrive and add beauty to any landscape.
