Origin
Carpobrotus edulis (L.) L.Bolus subsp. edulis, commonly known as the Hottentot-fig, is a succulent plant species that is native to South Africa, specifically the Cape of Good Hope region. The plant has spread widely along coastal areas in many parts of the world, including Australia, California, and the Mediterranean region.
Common Names
Carpobrotus edulis has several common names, including Hottentot-fig, highway ice plant, trailing iceplant, and pigface. The term "pigface" refers to the thick, fleshy leaves of the plant, which bear some resemblance to a pig's nose.
Uses
Carpobrotus edulis has several uses, particularly in traditional medicine. In South Africa, the plant is used to treat a variety of health issues such as bladder infections, sore throats, and diarrhea. It is also a popular ingredient in salads and stews due to its sweet and sour taste. Additionally, Carpobrotus edulis is often used for erosion control due to its ability to spread and cover large areas quickly.
General Appearance
Carpobrotus edulis is a low-lying perennial that grows prostrate along the ground. The leaves are fleshy, cylindrical, and range from 5-25 cm in length. The flowers are large and showy with bright shades of pink, purple, or yellow. The fruit is a dry and elongated capsule that contains numerous small black seeds. The plant grows rapidly, reaching up to 1.5 meters in length, and forms dense mats that can crowd out native vegetation.
Light Requirements
Carpobrotus edulis requires full sun exposure for optimal growth. It can tolerate light shade but excessive shade can lead to elongation of stems and reduced flowering.
Temperature Requirements
Carpobrotus edulis is a heat-loving plant and requires warm temperatures for optimal growth. It can tolerate temperatures as low as 5°C but growth and flowering are impaired at temperatures below 12°C. The plant can survive in areas with high temperatures ranging from 45°C to 50°C. However, it requires protection from frost in areas with low temperatures.
Soil Requirements
Carpobrotus edulis requires well-drained soil with a pH ranging from 6.5 to 7.5. It can tolerate a wide range of soil types including sandy, loamy, and clay soils. The plant can grow in soils with low nutrient levels and salinity levels up to 8000 ppm. However, it does not tolerate waterlogging, particularly in heavy soils or soils with poor drainage.
Cultivation
Carpobrotus edulis (L.) L.Bolus subsp. edulis, commonly known as Hottentot Fig or Sour fig, is a low-growing succulent plant that is native to South Africa but can be grown in many parts of the world. It thrives in full sun and well-drained soil, making it an excellent choice for rock gardens, coastal gardens, and other dry and sunny areas.
To cultivate Hottentot Fig, start by selecting a well-drained planting location with plenty of sunlight. The soil should be alkaline, with a pH of 6.0 to 8.5. Before planting, loosen the soil and work in some sand and organic matter to improve drainage. You can propagate Hottentot Fig through seed or cuttings, although cuttings are easier and faster.
Watering Needs
Hottentot Fig is a drought-tolerant plant that does not require frequent watering. In fact, too much water can cause the roots to rot. Water only when the soil is completely dry, and then deeply soak the soil to encourage root growth. During the hot and dry summer months, watering once a week should be sufficient. However, during the dormant winter months, you can reduce watering significantly.
Fertilization
Hottentot Fig does not require regular fertilization, but a light dose of fertilizer in the spring can encourage growth. Apply a balanced fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 10-10-10 or similar. Do not over-fertilize, as this can cause the plant to produce more leaves than flowers and diminish the colorful flowers that the Hottentot Fig is known for.
Pruning
Pruning Hottentot Fig is not a necessary part of its care, but it can be useful for shaping the plant and encouraging growth. The best time to prune is during the dormant season. You can remove any dead, damaged, or diseased parts of the plant, as well as any older stems that are not producing flowers or fruit. Hottentot Fig can also benefit from a light trimming to encourage bushiness and manage its size.
Propagation of Carpobrotus edulis subsp. edulis
Carpobrotus edulis subsp. edulis, commonly known as Hottentot-fig or sour fig, is a hardy succulent that can grow up to one meter tall and three meters wide. It is an excellent plant for landscaping and soil stabilization due to its tolerance of drought, salt, and wind.
The most common methods of propagating Carpobrotus edulis subsp. edulis include:
Seed propagation
Seeds of Carpobrotus edulis subsp. edulis are relatively easy to germinate. Seeds should be sown in well-draining soil and covered lightly with soil. To ensure successful germination, seeds should be kept moist but not waterlogged until they start to show signs of germination. After germination, the seedlings can be transplanted into individual pots or planted directly in the outdoor location.
Stem cuttings
Carpobrotus edulis subsp. edulis can be propagated from stem cuttings. The best time to take cuttings is in the spring or summer when the plant is actively growing. Cuttings should be taken from fresh, softwood growth. Ensure the cutting has at least two or three leaves and remove any flowers or flower buds. Dip the cutting end into rooting hormone powder and plant it in well-draining soil. Keep the soil moist but not waterlogged until roots develop, which usually takes about six weeks. The established cutting can be then planted outdoors.
Division
Carpobrotus edulis subsp. edulis can be divided from the main plant by gently digging up the root ball and separating it into smaller sections. Divisions should contain both roots and leaves, and each section should have a well-developed root system. These smaller sections can then be replanted separately in an appropriately sized container or directly outdoors.
Disease Management for Carpobrotus edulis subsp. edulis
Carpobrotus edulis subsp. edulis is a hardy plant that is able to tolerate harsh conditions for long periods of time. However, it can still fall prey to various diseases that can affect its growth and overall health.
Bacterial Blight is a common disease that can affect Carpobrotus edulis subsp. edulis. It is caused by the Xanthomonas campestris pathogen and can result in the formation of dark green spots on the leaves and stems of the plant. Infected areas can eventually lead to rot and wilting. To manage this disease, remove the affected parts of the plant and dispose of them in a sealed plastic bag. Spray the remaining plant with a copper-based fungicide to prevent further infection.
Phytophthora Root Rot is another disease that can affect Carpobrotus edulis subsp. edulis. This fungal disease can cause the roots to rot, resulting in a weakened plant that is more susceptible to other diseases and pests. To manage this disease, it is important to avoid overwatering the plant and ensure good drainage. Fungicides can also be used to treat the infected plant.
Pest Management for Carpobrotus edulis subsp. edulis
Carpobrotus edulis subsp. edulis is not only susceptible to diseases but also various pests. Here are some common pests that can affect the plant and how to manage them.
Snails and Slugs are common pests that can eat through the leaves and stems of Carpobrotus edulis subsp. edulis. To manage these pests, handpicking is an effective method. Another way to prevent snails and slugs from attacking the plant is by placing a copper strip around the base, as copper repels them.
Mealybugs are another pest that can affect Carpobrotus edulis subsp. edulis. They are small, white insects that suck the sap from the plant's leaves and stems, causing them to wilt. To manage these pests, use natural predators such as ladybugs or lacewings or apply insecticidal soap to the infected plant.
Scale Insects are also a common pest that can feed on the sap of Carpobrotus edulis subsp. edulis. They are small, oval-shaped insects that can produce a sticky substance that attracts ants. To manage scale insects infestations, prune and dispose of the affected parts of the plant. Insecticidal soap or neem oil can also be used to kill these pests.
By following the above management practices, you can ensure the health and vigour of Carpobrotus edulis subsp. edulis and enjoy its beautiful flowers and foliage.
