Carmona Retusa (Vahl) Masamune: Origin and Common Names
Carmona retusa (Vahl) Masamune, also known as the Fukien Tea tree, is a small evergreen tree or bonsai. It belongs to the family Boraginaceae and is native to China, Philippines, and Southeast Asia. The tree grows in dense forests, bushes, and rocky terrain.
The plant is known locally in China as Fu Jian Shan Cha, meaning "Fujian mountain tea." It is also referred to as Philippine tea tree, Philippine Boxwood, Taiwan tree, and Philippine-Tea Olive.
Uses of Carmona Retusa
The Fukien Tea tree bears ornamental values and is often grown as a bonsai tree. It is popular among bonsai enthusiasts due to its decorative appeal, small leaf size, and responsiveness to pruning. Moreover, the tree's pleasing aesthetic qualities, such as its unique bark texture, small white flowers, and red berries, make it an excellent houseplant.
In addition to its ornamental value, Carmona retusa leaves possess natural medicinal properties. The leaves are harvested and boiled to make tea that treats a wide range of ailments, including stomach problems, bronchitis, and allergies. The plant's extracts have been used to make remedies for wounds, bites, and other skin issues.
General Appearance of Carmona Retusa
Carmona retusa's leaves are glossy, dark green, leathery, and oval-shaped, with serrated margins. The tree typically grows to a height of about three to six feet and has thick, gnarled trunks that produce fine branches that grow vertically, creating a dense canopy. Its bark is thin, with a light brown color that peels off in papery scales. The Fukien Tea tree bears small, white flowers and bright red berries that are rarely seen in captivity.
The Carmona Retusa's small and delicate demeanor, coupled with its interactive nature, makes it a valuable addition to any plant collection. This tree is well known for its expressive roots, which grow vigorously when underwatered and seek moisture if it is not available. When trimmed, the roots can make for a striking display in the roots-over-rock style of bonsai.
Light Requirements
Carmona retusa is a plant that requires bright, filtered light to grow optimally. Direct sunlight can scorch its leaves and cause extensive damage to the plant. It is best to place the plant in a bright location, such as a north-facing window or filtered sunlight.
Temperature Requirements
Carmona retusa thrives in warm temperatures, and it is best to keep the plant above 60°F (16°C). The plant can tolerate slightly cooler temperatures, but it is best to avoid keeping it in a location that drops below 50°F (10°C). Maintaining a consistent temperature is essential for the plant's growth, and it is important to avoid exposing it to extreme temperature fluctuations.
Soil Requirements
The plant prefers soil that is well-draining, fertile, and nutrient-rich. It is best to use a soil mix that is designed for bonsai cultivation or make a custom mix by combining peat moss, perlite, and sand. The soil should be kept consistently moist but not waterlogged, and it is important to avoid allowing the soil to dry out completely. The plant also benefits from a regular fertilization schedule, with the application of a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer every two weeks during the growing season.
Cultivation methods
Carmona retusa is a species of plant that requires a lot of care and attention, which makes it a challenging plant to cultivate. It is a small and compact subtropical tree that is native to Southern China. It can be propagated via seeds and cuttings. When planting seeds, ensure they are fresh and soaked for about 24 hours to improve their germination rate. Cuttings of about 15cm can be cut from mature plants and grown in a pot with well-draining soil.
Watering needs
The Carmona retusa plant's watering needs are moderate, neither too much nor too little. Water the plant when the soil's top layer feels dry to the touch, but do not pour water when the soil is still damp. When watering, it is essential to use clean and adequately drained water to avoid contaminating the soil. Overwatering can cause root rot, while underwatering can lead to the shriveling and drying of the leaves.
Fertilization
Fertilization helps to promote healthy growth in plants. Carmona retusa requires regular fertilization during the growing season, which is usually between spring and summer. Feed the plant with a balanced liquid fertilizer every two weeks. Why balanced fertilizers are recommended is that they contain all the necessary nutrients required for the plant's optimal growth. However, limit the frequency of feeding during the growing season to prevent excessive foliage growth and pests invasion.
Pruning
Pruning is an essential aspect of Carmona retusa maintenance. It helps to control the growth of the plant, improve its shape, and provide enough light to all parts of the plant. Prune during the early spring season before new growth starts. Dead or diseased branches should be removed to prevent the spread of diseases to healthy branches. Cut back any new growth that overshadows or crowds the plant's interior.
Propagation of Carmona Retusa
Carmona Retusa, also known as the Fukien Tea tree, is a shrub plant commonly grown for its beautiful foliage and flowers. It can be grown from seeds, cuttings, or by air layering. Here are some methods you can use to propagate the Carmona Retusa.
Propagation by Seeds
Propagation by seeds is considered the most difficult method of propagating Carmona Retusa. This is because the seeds have a hard outer shell that needs to be sanded or scored before planting. After you have scarified them, soak the seeds in warm water overnight to improve germination rates. Sow the seeds in well-draining soil mix and keep them warm and moist. Germination can take anywhere between 2 to 4 weeks.
Propagation by Cuttings
Propagation by cuttings is the most common method used for propagating Carmona Retusa. Take a cutting from the mother plant by cutting a 4-6 inch stem just below a leaf node. Remove all the leaves from the bottom half of the cutting. Dip the cut end in powdered rooting hormone and insert it into a well-draining soil mix. Keep the soil moist and warm, and it should root within 4 to 8 weeks.
Propagation by Air Layering
Air layering is another propagation method recommended for Carmona Retusa. This method involves creating a wound on the plant stem and covering it with soil or sphagnum moss to encourage the growth of roots. After 4 to 6 weeks, new roots should have appeared. Cut the rooted stem and pot it in a well-draining soil mix.
Propagation of Carmona Retusa is a great way to create new plants or share them with friends. With the right tools, knowledge, and patience, you can enjoy the beauty of this plant in your home or garden.
Disease and Pest Management for Carmona retusa (Vahl) Masamune
Carmona retusa (Vahl) Masamune, commonly known as the Fukien tea tree, is a small shrub that is a popular choice for bonsai enthusiasts. However, like all plants, it is susceptible to a number of diseases and pests that can damage its health and appearance. Here are some of the common issues that may affect Carmona retusa and their management:
Diseases
Root Rot: The most common disease to affect Carmona retusa is root rot, which is caused by overwatering and poor drainage. Symptoms include yellowing leaves, wilting, and a foul odor. To manage root rot, ensure proper drainage and avoid overwatering. Additionally, consider repotting the plant in fresh, well-draining soil.
Fungal Leaf Spot: Fungal leaf spot is caused by a variety of fungi and can cause discolored or necrotic (dead) spots on the leaves of Carmona retusa. The best way to manage fungal leaf spot is to avoid overhead watering and to remove any affected leaves immediately.
Pests
Spider Mites: Spider mites are a common pest that can affect Carmona retusa. Symptoms include yellowing leaves, webbing, and overall stunted growth. To manage spider mites, consider increasing humidity levels around the plant and using an insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Scale Insects: Another common pest that can harm Carmona retusa is scale insects. Symptoms include small, hard bumps on the leaves and stems of the plant. To manage scale insects, use a soft-bristled brush or cotton ball to remove the insects manually, and consider using a systemic insecticide if the infestation is severe.
Overall, proper care and attention can go a long way in preventing and managing disease and pest issues for Carmona retusa (Vahl) Masamune.
