Introduction: Carissa bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan var. acuminata (E.Mey.) Codd
Carissa bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan var. acuminata (E.Mey.) Codd, commonly known as the Bushveld num-num, is a shrub or small tree that belongs to the Apocynaceae family. This plant is native to Southern Africa, including countries like Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and South Africa.
General Appearance
The Bushveld num-num is a small to medium-sized tree that can grow up to 3-5 meters tall. The plant has a dense and rounded crown with an equal spread. The Bark is brown and rough, and the branches are thorny with long thorns growing in pairs on each side of the node.
The leaves are shiny, deep green, and simple, with a lanceolate shape and a waxy texture. The flowers of the Bushveld num-num are small and white, with a sweet fragrance and a tubular shape. These flowers bloom from late spring to mid-summer and attract bees and butterflies, which are responsible for spreading the plant's pollen.
The fruit of Carissa bispinosa is a small, round berry that is approximately 2 cm in diameter. The fruit is green when unripe, and it turns yellowish-orange or red when ripe. The fruit is edible and has a sweet taste.
Uses
The Bushveld num-num is a versatile plant that has various uses. The berries of this plant are edible and are used to make jams, jellies, and a refreshing juice that is commonly consumed in Southern Africa. The fruit is also used to make a traditional alcoholic beverage that is popular in Zimbabwe.
The roots, leaves, and bark of Carissa bispinosa are used in traditional medicine to treat numerous ailments. The roots are used to treat toothaches, respiratory illnesses, and stomach ailments. The leaves are used to treat skin problems such as eczema, and the bark is known to have anti-inflammatory properties.
Furthermore, the Bushveld num-num is also used for ornamental purposes due to its attractive appearance. This plant can be planted in gardens and parks as a hedge or as a specimen plant. It is also known to be a good plant for erosion control.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Carissa bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan var. acuminata (E.Mey.) Codd is a valuable plant that has various uses in Southern Africa. This hardy plant is not only used for food and medicine, but it also has ornamental value. The Bushveld num-num is a great plant for anyone looking for an easy to grow, low-maintenance, and versatile plant that brings value to their garden and their health.
Light requirements
The Carissa bispinosa var. acuminata plant requires ample amounts of sunlight to grow and flourish. It prefers full sun to partial shade and can tolerate some shade during the hottest part of the day. It is essential to ensure that the plant receives at least six hours of direct sunlight every day.
Temperature requirements
The Carissa bispinosa var. acuminata plant is native to warm climates and requires warm temperatures to grow. Ideal temperatures for growth range from 18°C to 28°Celsius. The plant can tolerate a wide range of temperatures, but it is essential to protect the plant from extreme temperatures, especially frost. Cold temperatures can damage the plant and even kill it.
Soil requirements
The Carissa bispinosa var. acuminata plant prefers well-draining soil that is rich in nutrients. It grows best in slightly acidic to neutral soil pH from 5 to 7.5. The plant can tolerate a wide range of soil types, including sandy loam, clay loam, and laterite soils. The soil must be moist but not waterlogged, so proper drainage is crucial.
Cultivation Method for Carissa bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan var. acuminata (E.Mey.) Codd
Carissa bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan var. acuminata (E.Mey.) Codd is a shrub that can grow up to seven feet. It is easy to cultivate and does well in tropical to subtropical conditions. For best results, grow the plant in well-drained soil with a pH level of 6.0 to 7.5. It does well in full sun to partial shade.
Watering Needs for Carissa bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan var. acuminata (E.Mey.) Codd
The plant requires moderate watering for optimal growth. Water the plant once a week during the growing season, and reduce watering during the dormant season. The soil should remain moist but not soaked. Overwatering can cause root rot, so be careful not to water excessively.
Fertilization for Carissa bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan var. acuminata (E.Mey.) Codd
Carissa bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan var. acuminata (E.Mey.) Codd needs regular fertilization to thrive. Fertilize the plant with a balanced fertilizer every two weeks during the growing season. Use a slow-release fertilizer that gradually releases nutrients into the soil for long-term feeding.
Pruning for Carissa bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan var. acuminata (E.Mey.) Codd
Regular pruning helps to keep the plant in shape, promote new growth, and control its size. Prune the plant in the early spring before the growing season resumes. Remove any dead or diseased branches, and cut back any overgrown branches. Use pruning shears to make clean, sharp cuts without damaging the plant.
Propagation of Carissa bispinosa var. acuminata
Carissa bispinosa var. acuminata, commonly known as the forest num-num, is a evergreen shrub or small tree that is endemic to South Africa. It is often grown as an ornamental plant due to its fragrant white flowers, attractive glossy leaves and edible red fruits. Here are some common propagation methods for this plant:
Seed propagation
The easiest way to propagate Carissa bispinosa var. acuminata is through seed. The seeds can be collected from the ripe fruit, cleaned, and stored in a cool, dry place until planting time. The seeds need to be scarified or soaked in warm water for 24 hours before planting in a well-draining potting mix. The pots should be covered with a clear plastic bag or placed in a propagator to maintain humidity. Germination can take 2-4 weeks, and once the seedlings have developed a few true leaves, they can be transplanted into individual pots.
Cuttings propagation
Carissa bispinosa var. acuminata can also be propagated from softwood or semi-hardwood cuttings taken in late spring or early summer. Select a healthy shoot and cut a 10-15 cm section with a sharp, sterilized blade. Remove the leaves from the bottom half of the cutting, dip the cut end in rooting hormone powder and plant in a well-draining potting mix. Water the cutting and cover the pot with a clear plastic bag to maintain humidity. The cutting should root in 4-6 weeks and can be transplanted into individual pots after a few months.
Air-layering propagation
An alternative propagation method for Carissa bispinosa var. acuminata is air-layering. This method involves making a cut around a branch, applying rooting hormone to the wound, packing the wound with moist sphagnum moss, and wrapping with plastic to keep the moisture in. Once roots emerge from the moss, the branch can be cut below the root ball and potted up as a new plant.
Disease Management for Carissa bispinosa
Carissa bispinosa is a relatively resilient plant, but it can still be susceptible to certain diseases. Some of the common diseases that may affect this plant include:
- Leaf spot: This disease is caused by fungi that affect the leaves, causing yellowing or browning of the leaf. The best way to manage this disease is by removing the affected leaves and treating the plant with a fungicide.
- Root rot: This disease is caused by fungi that attack the roots of the plant, leading to stunted growth and wilting. To manage this disease, avoid overwatering the plant and ensure that the soil is well-drained.
- Powdery mildew: This disease is caused by fungi that create a white, powdery substance on the leaves. The best way to manage this is by reducing humidity and increasing air circulation around the plant.
Pest Management for Carissa bispinosa
There are also certain pests that may affect Carissa bispinosa. Some of the most common pests include:
- Spider mites: These pests are tiny and difficult to see, but they can cause significant damage to the plant by sucking the sap from the leaves. The best way to manage spider mites is by spraying the plant with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
- Scale insects: These pests are small, oval, and often appear on the underside of leaves. They can cause yellow and brown spots on the leaves, stunting growth and causing wilting. To manage scale insects, use a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol and wipe the affected areas.
- Mealybugs: These pests are small and white, and often appear in clusters on the leaves. They also suck sap from the plant, leading to stunted growth and wilting. To manage mealybugs, use a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol and wipe the affected areas.
