Overview
Carinta obvallata (Schumach.) G.Taylor, commonly known by its local name "Dawo," is a species of flowering plant in the Rubiaceae family. It is a perennial shrub that is native to the tropical areas of West Africa.
Description
C. obvallata has an extensive system of roots that enables it to grow well in various soil types. It has an overall height of up to 3 meters and its branches are covered with small thorny protrusions. The leaves of the plant are glossy and green, with a smooth and leathery texture. The flowers of the plant bloom in clusters and have a white color, while the fruit of the plant is a smooth, round berry that is bright red when ripe.
Uses
The fruit of C. obvallata is edible and is consumed by the local people in various ways. It can be eaten fresh, or made into jams and jellies. The bark of the plant is also used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments, such as stomachache, fever, and diarrhea. Additionally, the plant is often used as an ornamental plant for its attractive flowers and evergreen foliage.
Common Names
C. obvallata is commonly known as Dawo in its native region of West Africa. In other parts of the world, it is referred to by various other names, such as African cherry, Congo coffee, and Sierra Leone cherry.
Light Conditions
Carinta obvallata is a tropical plant and requires direct sunlight to thrive. Thus, it grows best in an open area that receives ample sunlight. Partial shade may also work but may lead to poor growth and low yields.
Temperature Requirements
Carinta obvallata thrives well in warm to hot temperatures. Ideally, the plant requires temperatures between 20°C-30°C to grow optimally. Anything below 7°C or above 35°C may be unfavorable for its growth and may lead to stunted growth.
Soil Requirements
Carinta obvallata grows in a wide range of soils. However, it thrives best in well-drained loamy soils rich in organic matter. The plant cannot withstand waterlogged conditions, and thus, the soil's ability to drain out excess water and allow aeration is vital for good growth. The soil pH should range from slightly acidic to neutral (6-7).
Cultivation Methods for Carinta Obvallata
Carinta obvallata, commonly known as the forest bell bush, thrives in well-drained soils that are rich in organic matter. It prefers partial shade or full sunlight and can tolerate temperatures between 15 to 28 degrees Celsius. To cultivate this plant, you should first prepare the soil by loosening it to a depth of between 12 to 15 inches. Mix in compost or aged manure to improve the soil's quality.
Once the soil is ready, plant the seeds or seedlings at a depth of between 2 to 3 inches. Space the seedlings at least 20 inches apart to allow enough room for growth. Cover the seedlings with a light layer of soil, water them gently, and keep the soil moist until germination.
Watering Needs for Carinta Obvallata
Carinta obvallata requires regular watering to ensure healthy growth. It is essential to avoid overwatering because this can lead to root rot and other fungal diseases. You should water the plant once a week, keeping the soil moist but not waterlogged. Always check the top inch of soil before watering to ensure it is dry to the touch. If the soil is still moist, wait for a few more days before watering.
Fertilization for Carinta Obvallata
To promote healthy growth and flowering, you should fertilize Carinta obvallata once a month during the growing season. Use a balanced fertilizer with equal amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. You can also use a slow-release fertilizer to provide nutrients over a more extended period. Be careful not to overfertilize, as this can damage the plant's roots and foliage.
Pruning for Carinta Obvallata
Pruning is not essential for Carinta obvallata, but it can help promote bushier growth and enhance flowering. You should prune the plant after the blooming season is over to remove any dead or damaged branches. Use sterilized pruning shears to make clean cuts, and be careful not to remove too much foliage. Carinta obvallata is a fast-growing plant, so it is essential to monitor its growth regularly and prune as needed to maintain its shape and size.
Propagation of Carinta obvallata
Carinta obvallata (Schumach.) G.Taylor is commonly propagated by seeds and stem cuttings. Seed propagation is relatively easy but many of the seeds may not be viable, so it is best to sow a few extra seeds to increase the chance of success.
Seed propagation
To plant seeds, first, choose a well-draining potting mix. Sow the seeds on the surface of the soil and lightly cover them with soil. Keep the soil moist at all times and in a warm, well-ventilated area. The seeds usually take about 1 to 3 months to germinate.
Once the seedlings have grown to a size of around 5 cm tall, they can be transplanted to individual pots with well-draining soil. The young plants require regular watering but must not be overwatered as that will cause root rot.
Stem cutting propagation
Taking stem cuttings from Carinta obvallata is another way to propagate. Preferably, select around 6 to 10 cm long stem cuttings with two to three nodes. Trim off the bottom leaves and dip the bottom of the cutting in rooting hormone. Plant the stem cutting in a well-draining soil mixture, moisten the soil, and then cover the pot with a plastic bag to keep the cutting humid.
Once roots form, which can take several weeks, move the plant to a larger pot with well-draining soil. Keep the soil moist and avoid direct sunlight until the plant establishes itself.
Disease and Pest Management for Carinta obvallata (Schumach.) G.Taylor
Carinta obvallata is a species of flowering plant commonly known as "Beaded Carinta." While it is a hardy plant, it is still susceptible to various pests and diseases. Here are some common problems that may affect Carinta obvallata and ways to manage them:
Diseases
1. Powdery mildew: Powdery mildew can easily spread among Carinta obvallata plants, causing white and powdery spots on plant leaves. These spots can eventually turn yellow and cause the leaves to curl and die. Regularly prune infected leaves and spray with a fungicide containing potassium bicarbonate or neem oil.
2. Root rot: Carinta obvallata is susceptible to root rot caused by fungi in overly moist soil. Prevent root rot by ensuring proper soil drainage and not over-watering your plants. If root rot is already present, remove infected roots and repot the plant into fresh and dry soil.
Pests
1. Aphids: Aphids are small insects that feed on Carinta obvallata's sap. They usually appear as green or black spots on the underside of plant leaves and can cause leaves to curl and wither. Spray your plants with neem oil or insecticidal soap to eliminate aphids.
2. Spider mites: Spider mites can cause plant leaves to become yellow or brown and dry out. They are difficult to detect and will require close monitoring. Spray with a mixture of water and rubbing alcohol or neem oil.
3. Scale insects: Scale insects feed on Carinta obvallata's sap, causing the plant to become stunted and dry out. They look like small brown or white bumps on plant stems, leaves, and branches. Rub the insects off using cotton swabs dipped in alcohol or soapy water.
By paying attention to your plants and regularly inspecting them, you can prevent and manage any diseases or pests that may arise. Using natural and organic methods to control pest and disease infestation will also help protect the ecosystem.
